Georgetown+AS+-+Aff

=Round 1 v. Clarion= SETI ADD-ON Bandwidth crunch kills the Search for Extra-terrestrial Intelligence Alexander 2 (completed his Ph.D. at Stanford University in 1996, and has since taught history, philosophy, and history of science at Stanford and UCLA, The Planetary Society SETI@home Update, 5/20/2002: A Question of Bandwidth by Amir Alexander http://www.mail-archive.com/setiathome@klx.com/msg01049.html SETI@home Update - A Question of Bandwidth) Fascinated as we are …project than ever before. SETI credibility solves all impacts – we view ourselves as citizens of the universe Tough, 95 Professor Emeritus at the University of Toronto. He has contributed to the fields of Adult Education, Futures Studies, and SETI. Linking these fields together is Dr. Tough's concern with the long-term future of humanity in the cosmos, and humans' search for meaning and purpose on personal, societal, and global levels. Positive Consequences of SETI Before Detection http://www.astrosociology.org/Library/PDF/Positive%20Consequences%20of%20SETI%20Before%20Detection.pdf Cosmic evolution over billions … toward these key priorities. SKFTA 2AC Trade doesn’t help the alliance Lee and Kim 10, Phd, assistant professor at the Department of Political Science and International Relations, Korea University (Dong and Sung, “ Ties That Bind? Assessing the Impact of Economic Interdependence on East Asian Alliances,” East Asia Institute, Security Initiative, Working Paper No. 3, http://www.eai.or.kr/data/bbs/eng_report/201002251819214.pdf) The extant realist literature … are asymmetrical in nature. No North Korea escalation Ashley Rowland, 12/3/2010. Stars and Stripes. “Despite threats, war not likely in Korea, experts say,” http://www.stripes.com/news/despite-threats-war-not-likely-in-korea-experts-say-1.127344?localLinksEnabled=false. Despite increasingly belligerent …would be the elites. Doesn’t solve heg – China will just retrench Cho, 7 [Sungjoon Cho is Assistant Professor of Law, Chicago-Kent College of Law, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, 7/2007, “ IS A FREE TRADE AGREEMENT A ROYAL ROAD TO PROSPERITY? DEMYSTIFYING TRADE REGIONALISM,” http://www.keia.org/Publications/AdHoc/2007/07Cho.pdf] When the Doha Round …make this speculation plausible. No economic impact Fink 12-10, senior online editor for Investing Daily, (James, “ South Korea Free Trade Agreement: Better Than Nothing,” 2010, http://www.investingdaily.com/id/18091/south-korea-free-trade-agreement-better-than-nothing.html) If ratified by the…the U.S. 159,000 jobs. High-skilled immigration popular – piecemeal reform boosts Obama’s capital Lawrence, 1/14 [Stewart, Washington, DC-based an immigration policy specialist, http://www.counterpunch.org/lawrence01142011.html] A second option is to …Democrats can hope for Budget fight coming first and will cost capital NYT, 2/15 (http://thecaucus.blogs.nytimes.com/2011/02/15/obama-budget-escapes-liberal-backlash-for-now/) The next immediate fight …early next month. Won’t pass--Baucus Murray, 2/2 http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2011/02/02/AR2011020204751.html?wpisrc=nl_wonk Senate Finance Committee Chairman…administration or the Koreans." He’s critical to SKFTA---chair of the finance committee Snell, 1/27 (Columnist-Tax and Trade Issues-National Journal, http://www2.nationaljournal.com/member/daily/baucus-may-pose-barrier-to-obama-agenda-20110127) It has been a year … issues other than just trade.” Baucus likes the plan – high-skilled immigration boosts competitiveness Baucus, 5 [Max, Senator, “Immigration and Competitiveness,” November 16, 2005 UNANIMOUS CONSENT AGREEMENT--S. 295, Congressional Record] We must actively encourage …boom times to come. SKFTA won’t pass---TAA expiration will unravel support WSJ, 2/14 http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748703515504576142571283678558.html?mod=googlenews_wsj WASHINGTON—The expiration of…trade agreement would do.

= **staple 1ac (read at coast and kentucky)** = PLAN TEXT Plan: The United States Federal Government should issue EB visas to individuals who receive advanced degrees in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics fields from institutions of higher education in the United States. COMPETITIVENESS Contention One: Competitiveness

Massive workforce shortages in the status quo National Academies 10, (National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5,” http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12999.html) The chairman of the … their value is attributable.

Neg studies don’t assume reverse brain drain or offshoring Ezell and Atkinson 8, * Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), with a focus on international information technology competitiveness and national innovation policies, comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm,, *Phd, President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a Washington, DC -based technology policy think tank. He is also author of the The Past and Future of America’s Economy: Long Waves of Innovation that Power Cycles of Growth, (Stephen and Robert, “RAND’s Rose-Colored Glasses: How RAND’s Report on U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology Gets it Wrong,” September, http://www.itif.org/files/2008-RAND%20Rose-Colored%20Glasses.pdf) Authors = Galama and Hosek, of “U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology,” Rand Corp The report next examines … authors give it due.

That means we hit an invisible tipping point – sending waves of immigrants back home National Academies 10, (National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5,” http://www.nap.edu/catalog/12999.html) A logical question is … in more promising venues.

Predictable, transparent permanent residence is the only way to solve Papademetriou 8 (Demetrios, President – Migration Policy Institute, Will Somerville, Senior Policy Analyst – Migration Policy Institute, and Hiroyuki Tanaka, Research Assistant – Migration Policy Institute, “Talent in the 21st Century Economy”, November, http://www.migrationpolicy.org/transatlantic/Talent.pdf) The first element, that. the path to citizenship.

High skilled immigration is the only internal link to hegemony Paarlberg 4, Professor of Political Science at Wellesley, Associate at the Weatherhead Center for International Affairs at Harvard, (Robert, “Knowledge as Power: Science, Military Dominance, and U.S. Security,” International Security, Vol. 29, No. 1 (Summer, 2004), pp. 122-151, JSTOR) Can the United States …many talented foreigners out.

And, the plan bypasses export controls which devastate military R&D DEAC 7, Deemed Export Advisory Committee, Federal Advisory Commission for the Secretary of Commerce, (“The Deemed Export Rule in the Era of Globalization,” December 20, http://tac.bis.doc.gov/2007/deacreport.pdf) Deemed Export controls traditionally … thrives on global partnerships.

The plan reverses offshoring of the semiconductor industry Dewey & LeBoeuf, 9 [Dewey & LeBoeuf is a leading global law firm providing our clients with both local and cross-border solutions. We have more than 1,100 lawyers in 26 offices in 15 countries and are the 8th largest law firm office in New York City and the 7th largest US-based law firm office in London, Prepared for the Semiconductor Industry Association http://www.choosetocompete.org/downloads/Competitiveness_White_Paper.pdf] The United States is generally … its technological leadership.

Semiconductor offshoring destroys US power – Trojan horses will be implanted in our chips Schneider, 5 (William, Chair-Defense Science Board Task Force, Cable News Network's senior political analyst. He is also a resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, http://www.acq.osd.mil/dsb/reports/ADA435563.pdf) The microelectronics industry, supplier …development and manufacturing are co-located.

Other countries will inevitably overtake the U.S. – only new technologies can keep us ahead Schroeter et. al, 10 [Matthew Sollenberger is an M.A. student at the Johns Hopkins University, SAIS in Washington D.C. Prior to attending SAIS he spent four years as an analyst, with clients including domestic and foreign government agencies, as well as Fortune 500 companies. He holds a BA in political science with high honors from Swarthmore College. Thilo Schroeter and Bastiaan Verink are M.A. students at the Johns Hopkins University SAIS Bologna Center. Thilo graduated from Dresden University of Technology with a BA in International Relations and spent a semester abroad at the American University of Beirut, Lebanon. Bastiaan holds an LL.M. in International Security with honors from VU University Amsterdam and a BA in International Relations and Economics from Utrecht University. Prior to starting at SAIS, Bastiaan worked as a Scenario Planner for a major Dutch gas company and was a member of the Royal Netherlands National Guard.“Challenging U.S. Command of the Commons: Evolving Chinese Defense Technologies as a Threat to American Hegemony?,” Bologna Center Journal of International Affairs, Vol. 13 (Spring 2010).] The ability to dominate … US “command of the commons.”

The impact is global nuclear war KAGAN, 7 (Robert, senior fellow at the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace (Robert, “End of Dreams, Return of History”, 7/19, http://www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2007/07/end_of_dreams_return_of_histor.html) This is a good thing…provide an easier path.

States will inevitably compete for relative status – only primacy can prevent conflict Wohlforth 9, Professor of government at Dartmouth, (William, “Unipolarity, Status Competition, and Great Power War” World Politics, 61:1, January, Project Muse) Second, I question the … in security and/or prosperity.

Independently, U.S. technological superiority prevents all conflicts Nye and Owens, 96 [JOSEPH S. NYE, JR., former Chairman of the National Intelligence Council and Assistant Secretary of Defense for International Affairs in the Clinton administration, is Dean of the John F. Kennedy School of Government at Harvard University. ADMIRAL WILLIAM A. OWENS is former Vice Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff in the Clinton administration. “ America's information edge,” Foreign Affairs; Mar/Apr 1996;] THE CHARACTER ofU.S… in the information age.

BIOTECH

Contention Two: Biotechnology

Workforce shortage now – the plan is key to solve ICAF 10, Industrial College of the Armed Forces Panel, National Defense University, (“BIOTECHNOLOGY,” Industry Studies, Spring http://www.ndu.edu/icaf/programs/academic/industry/reports/2010/pdf/icaf-is-report-biotechnology-2010.pdf) Historically, the high levels … biotechnology industry.73 (Col Tom Endicott)

Specifically, the plan is key to star scientists No and Walsh 10, both at Georgia Institute of Technology, (Yeonji and John, “ The importance of foreign-born talent for US innovation,” Nature Biotechnology 28, 289–291, http://www.nature.com/nbt/journal/v28/n3/full/nbt0310-289.html) As noted in a … and retard economic recovery.

Star scientists are key to biotech entrepreneurship Zucker and Darby, 7 [ Lynne G. Zucker Departments of Sociology & Public Policy University of California, Los Angeles, Michael R. Darby John E. Anderson Graduate School of Management University of California, Los Angeles “ STAR SCIENTISTS, INNOVATION AND REGIONAL AND NATIONAL IMMIGRATION,” NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES] In the last half … (Zucker, Darby and Torero 2002).

Locating projects in the US is key Freeman, 9 [Richard, holds the Herbert Ascherman Chair in Economics at Harvard University. He is currently serving as Faculty Director of the Labor and Worklife Program at the Harvard Law School. He directs the National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009 “ WHAT DOES GLOBAL EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION MEAN FOR THE US?,” NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/communia2010/sites/communia2010/images/Freeman_2009_What_Does_Global_Expansion_of_Higher_Education_Mean_For_the_US.pdf] In response to the …preferred on that criterion.

Scenario one is bioterror – attack coming now Graham and Talent, 10 [Bob, senator, chair of the Graham-Talent WMD Commission, James, senator, vice chair of the Graham-Talent WMD Commission, “Prevention of WMD Proliferation and Terrorism Report Card, An Assessment of the U.S. Government’s Progress in Protecting the United States from Weapons of Mass Destruction Proliferation and Terrorism,” http://www.preventwmd.gov/publications/] First, there is direct … time is running out.

Terrorists will overcome tech barriers Carafano 3, Phd, Deputy Director, Institute for International Studies and Director, Center for Foreign Policy Studies, (James, “ Improving Federal Response to Catastrophic Bioterrorist Attacks: The Next Steps,” Heritage Foundation, November 13, http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/2003/11/Improving-Federal-Response-to-Catastrophic-Bioterrorist-Attacks-The-Next-Steps#pgfId-1083840) Equally troubling, the difficulties … domesticated animals, and wildlife.12

And – rapid biotech innovation’s the only way to solve Chyba and Greninger 4, *Co-director for the Center for International Security and Cooperation, Stanford Institute for International Studies, and Assistant Professor at Stanford, *MS in Biology, CISAC honors thesis, (Christopher and Alex, “ Biotechnology and Bioterrorism: An Unprecedented World,” Survival, Vol. 46 no. 2, page(s) 143-161, http://cisac.stanford.edu/publications/biotechnology_and_bioterrorism__an_unprecedented_world/) In the absence of … direct their efforts elsewhere.

Extinction De Rugy and Pena 2, *policy analyst, *senior defense policy analyst at the Cato Institute, (Veronique and Charles, “ Responding to the Threat of Smallpox Bioterrorism An Ounce of Prevention Is Best Approach” April 18, Policy Analysis No. 432 http://www.cato.org/pubs/pas/pa434.pdf) The nature of bioterrorism, …be examined and evaluated.

Scenario two is biodiversity

Biotech solves inevitable collapse Conko 3, director of food safety policy at the Competitive Enterprise Institute, (Gregory, “ The Benefits of Biotech,” Spring, http://www.cato.org/pubs/regulation/regv26n1/v26n1-4.pdf0) Benefits Risk aside, no … trait are not unrealistic.

Extinction Takacs 96 (Instructor in Department of Earth Systems Science and Policy at California State-Monterey Bay [David, 1996 Philosophies of Paradise, pg. http://www.dhushara.com/book/diversit/restor/takacs.htm] So biodiversity keeps the … but a whimper.14

U.S. breakthroughs key to global diffusion of GM crops Lusk and Rozan, 5 [Jayson, Department of Agricultural Economics, Oklahoma State University, Anne, Pôle Européen de Gestion et d'Economie, “Consumer acceptance of biotechnology and the role of second generation technologies in the USA and Europe,” Trends in Biotechnology, Volume 23, Issue 8, 386-387, 1 August 2005] In late 2004, we … encourage acceptance and adoption.

Safety measures prevent risky biotech Lacy, former Executive Director of the Intl Policy Council on Ag, Food, And Trade, 3 (SAIS Review 23.1 (2003) 181-202—Project Muse) Some critics worry about. land by felling trees. ..

**New Advantages - Kentucky Doubles**
Advantage one is Biotech:

Poor US image to international students guarantees deterioration in foreign student recruitment
 * __Douglass and Edelstein 9__**, Center for Studies in Higher Education, University of California – Berkeley, (John Aubrey and Richard, “THE GLOBAL COMPETITION FOR TALENT The Rapidly Changing Market for International Students and the Need for a Strategic Approach in the US,” October, [] )

In sum, there are already signs that … of all enrolled students.

Loss of foreign students destroys U.S. university innovation Chellaraj et. al, 4 [ G. Chellaraj World Bank Keith E. Maskus Department of Economics, University of Colorado at Boulder Boulder, Colorado A. Mattoo World Bank, “ The Contribution of Skilled Immigration and International Graduate Students to U.S. Innovation,” September 2004, [] ]

Next, larger enrollments … , at least in economic terms.

The plan’s the critical signal to boost student immigration and innovation
 * __Hockfield 9__**, President of MIT, (Susan, “Immigrant Scientists Create Jobs and Win Nobels,” Wall Street Journal, October 20, [] )

Of the nine people who shared this year's Nobel … will do their work inside the U.S.

This crisis in the public biotech sector threatens to collapse DIFFUSION of yield enhancement to the third world Spielman 7 International Food Policy Research Institute, P.O. Box 5689, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, [|**Food Policy**] [|Volume 32, Issue 2], April 2007, Pages 189-204 Pro-poor agricultural biotechnology: Can the international research system deliver the goods? David J. Spielman, a U.S. national, joined the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI) in 2004, and is currently a research fellow based in Washington, DC

While global investment in … used to stimulate pro-poor research

The role of US UNIVERSITIES in biotechnology is crucial – it ensures both EQUITABLE DISTRIBUTION of gains and INTELLIGENT FORESIGHT to prevent risk Welsh and Glenna 6 Considering the Role of the University in Conducting Research on Agri-Biotechnologies Author(s): Rick Welsh and Leland GlennaSource: Social Studies of Science, Vol. 36, No. 6 (Dec., 2006), pp. 929-942Published by: Sage Publications, Ltd.Stable URL: [] Penn State, Assistant Professor of Rural Sociology and Science, Technology, and Society (Ph.D., Rural Sociology, University of Missouri, 1997)

When considering the role and … served by the private sector.

Public sector biotech research is NECESSARY to avert INEVITABLE mass global starvation and eco-disaster from food desperation Van Montagu, November 10 [] New Biotechnology _ Volume 27, Number 5 _ November 2010 REVIEW Institute of Plant Biotechnology for Developing Countries (IPBO), Department of Molecular Genetics, Ghent University, K.L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Gent, Belgium

Current agriculture faces the … upon which they depend

Most Likely Scenario for Extinction Brown, 9 - founder of the Worldwatch Institute and the Earth Policy Institute (Lester R, “Can Food Shortages Bring Down Civilization?” Scientific American, May)

The biggest threat to global … global civilization itself.

U.S. universities are uniquely key to innovation Hill, 6 [ Kent Hill, Ph. D. Research Professor, Department of Economics and Center for Competitiveness and Prosperity Research, ASU, “ Universities In The U.S. National Innovation System,” March 2006, [] ]

Coupling of research and graduate education: … in U.S. laboratories and citation analysis of scientific papers.

Locating scientists in the US is key Freeman, 9 [Richard, holds the Herbert Ascherman Chair in Economics at Harvard University. He is currently serving as Faculty Director of the Labor and Worklife Program at the Harvard Law School. He directs the National Bureau of Economic Research, May 2009 “ WHAT DOES GLOBAL EXPANSION OF HIGHER EDUCATION MEAN FOR THE US?,” NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH, [] ]

In response to the growth of … thus is to be preferred on that criterion.

Advantage two is Infotech:

Massive workforce shortages in the status quo
 * __National Academies 10__**, (National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering, and the Institute of Medicine, “Rising Above the Gathering Storm, Revisited: Rapidly Approaching Category 5,” [] )

The chairman of the Department of Commerce’s … which their value is attributable.

Specifically in IT ICAF, 9 [Industrial College of the Armed Forces, Spring 2009 Industry Study, “ Information and Communications Technology Industry,” [] ]

The U.S. derives much of … advantage in the ICT industry.

Neg studies don’t assume reverse brain drain or offshoring Authors = Galama and Hosek, of “U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology,” Rand Corp
 * __Ezell and Atkinson 8__**, * Senior Analyst with the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation (ITIF), with a focus on international information technology competitiveness and national innovation policies, comes to ITIF from Peer Insight, an innovation research and consulting firm,, *Phd, President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, a Washington, DC -based technology policy think tank. He is also author of the The Past and Future of America’s Economy: Long Waves of Innovation that Power Cycles of Growth, (Stephen and Robert, “RAND’s Rose-Colored Glasses: How RAND’s Report on U.S. Competitiveness in Science and Technology Gets it Wrong,” September, [] )

The report next examines the …. serious issue than the authors give it due.

Predictable, transparent permanent residence is the only way to solve
 * __Papademetriou 8__** (Demetrios, President – Migration Policy Institute, Will Somerville, Senior Policy Analyst – Migration Policy Institute, and Hiroyuki Tanaka, Research Assistant – Migration Policy Institute, “Talent in the 21st Century Economy”, November, [] )

The first element, that of clear, fair…. embark on the path to citizenship.

Human capital uniquely key to innovation Hart, 6 [David, David Hart is Secretary to ITIF and Associate Professor in the School of Public Policy at George Mason University. Dr. Hart holds a Ph.D. from MIT and taught for a decade at the Kennedy School of Government at Harvard, November 2006, “ Global Flows of Talent: Benchmarking the United States,” [] ]

Economic prosperity depends ….and educational institutions.

Bandwidth shortage coming – massive strains on the network Pope and Shim, 10 [ Michael Brian Pope Department of Management and Information Systems, Mississippi State University, mbp111@msstate.edu J. P. Shim Department of Management and Information Systems, Mississippi State University “ The Looming Bandwidth Crunch—Legitimate Crisis, or Cyberspace Chicken Little?,” 12-1-2010 Communications of the Association for Information Systems Volume 27 | Number 1]

There is no end in sight for …. future endeavors of all kinds.

That collapses the internet Sunday Times, 9 [“ Beware surfers: cyberspace is filling up,” April 26, 2009, []

Internet users face regular “brownouts” …. more than their share of capacity.

Extinction Eagleman, 10 [David Eagleman is a neuroscientist at Baylor College of Medicine, where he directs the Laboratory for Perception and Action and the Initiative on Neuroscience and Law and author of Sum (Canongate). Nov. 9, 2010, “ Six ways the internet will save civilization,” [] ]

Many great civilisations have fallen, …. just be the technology that saves us.

Bandwidth crunch kills cloud computing Swanson and Gilder, 8 [Bret Swanson is an adjunct fellow at the Discovery Institute and a senior fellow and director of the Center for Global Innovation at The Progress & Freedom Foundation. George Gilder is a senior fellow at the Discovery Institute and the founder of Discovery’s Technology & Democracy Project. He is also chairman of George Gilder Fund Management, LLC and moderator of the Gilder Telecosm Forum. “ Estimating the Exaflood - The Impact of Video and Rich Media on the Internet – A ‘zettabyte’ by 2015?,” January 29, 2008 [] ]

Twenty years ago, Sun Microsystems told …. become 25- and 100-megabit links.

Cloud computing key to climate modeling Boyce, 10 [Eric, technical writer and user advocate for The Rackspace Cloud, September 14, 2010 [] ]

The promise of the cloud isn’t just about gaming and the ability to safely store all those photos that you wish you hadn’t ever taken. …. early warning systems

Key to warming adaptation Pope, 10 [ Vicky Pope is the head of climate science advice at the Met Office Hadley Centre, “ How science will shape climate adaptation plans,” 16 September 2010, [] ]

Some would argue that the …. determine our future.

Warming is inevitable – only adaptation can prevent extinction Romero, 8 [Purple, reporter for ABS-CBN news, 05/17/2008, Climate change and human extinction--are you ready to be fossilized? [] Climate change killed the …. , emergency supplies, rescue efforts, etc.

New tech key to solve the bandwidth crunch Nemertes Research, 7 [ research-advisory firm that specializes in analyzing and quantifying the business value of emerging technologies “ The Internet Singularity, Delayed: Why Limits in Internet Capacity Will Stifle Innovation on the Web,” N O V E M B E R 2 0 0 7]

As noted earlier, much of our capacity …. services would quickly dry up.

R&D breakthroughs key to new tech Drobot and Duffy, 10 [ ADAM T. DROBOT, 2M COMPANIES, INC. DIANE E DUFFY AND STAN MOYER, TELCORDIA, “ R&D FOR BROADBAND COMMUNICATIONS: A PROPOSAL TO REVITALIZE BROADBAND R&D IN THE UNITED STATES,” TECHNOLOGY LEADERS FORUM, IEEE Communications Magazine • November 2010 ]

The U.S. National Broadband …. and/or major discoveries.

U.S. upgrades uniquely key – it’s the traffic hub McPhail, 6 [Thomas, Professor of Media Studies at the University of Missouri, Global Communication: Theories, Stakeholders, and Trends Second Edition]

The United States alone accounts ….gatekeeper for the international internet.”

Telecom Innovation is local – only a clustering of research capacity in the U.S. can trigger breakthroughs Di Minin, 6 [Alberto, Berkeley Roundtable on the International Economy University of California, Berkeley, “ Safe nests in global nets: Why strategic R&D is (still) homebound in wireless telecom1,” [] ]

It was also important through the …. role for strategic projects.