Liberty+PT Jacquelyn+Poapst+&+Beau+Troxclair+NEG

Rd 3, D7-Districts. Pitt KS (*New Aff* T-Visas/Child Soldiers)
Judge: Jonathan Paul

=1NC - Optional Protocol CP=

The United States Federal Government should ratify the Optional Protocol to the Convention on the Rights of the Child on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict
** CP solves ** [ Sandrine, “ Trafficking of Child Soldiers: Expanding the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict”, 110 NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. L. [Vol. 9:1], 1/31/11, atl] On May 25, 2000, after many years of …__included within the terminology__. [ Sandrine, “ Trafficking of Child Soldiers: Expanding the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child and its Optional Protocol on the Involvement of Children in Armed Conflict”, 110 NEW ENG. J. INT’L & COMP. L. [Vol. 9:1], 1/31/11, atl]
 * Valentine, **** Practicing attorney in New York City; Masters in Laws, Lyon University, France, 03 **
 * And builds a more comprehensive international data system for stopping child trafficking **
 * Valentine, **** Practicing attorney in New York City; Masters in Laws, Lyon University, France, 03 **


 * __With the__** continued **__ratification of …to eradicating the use of child soldiers__**.

** Blanchfield, ** Specialist in International Relations, 10
== [ ** Luisa, ** May 21, 2010, “The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child: Background and Policy Issues”, http://european-union-reports.blogspot.com/2010/05/united-nations-convention-on-rights-of.html, 1/31/11, atl] == U.S. ratification of the United Nations … credibility when advocating children's rights abroad.

== ==The United States Federal Government should initiate a binding impact assessment regarding the consequences of making T visas available to child soldiers and adopt such measure only if it can be made consistent with human rights ratified by the United States. We’ll clarify.== (Lesley, “Human Rights Impact Assessments: An Immigration Case Study”, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 285, Winter, lexis, ldg) __To develop__ a sense of __how human rights review would … within the domain of "immigration policy" would be subject to automatic assessment__. (Jaya, “A Global Approach to Secret Evidence: How Human Rights Law Can Reform our Immigration System”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Spring, 39 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 287, lexis, ldg) __A human rights approach to immigration__ proceedings __…is a valuable goal__ in and of itself. (Jaya, “A Global Approach to Secret Evidence: How Human Rights Law Can Reform our Immigration System”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Spring, 39 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 287, lexis, ldg) The __misuse of secret evidence in …__ non-citizens present in the United States.  =2NC - HRIA=
 * Human rights review will approve visas --- immigration is a test case **
 * Wexler, FSU law professor, 2008 **
 * CP spills over --- ending the use of secret evidence in immigration trials **
 * Ramji-Nogales, Temply law professor, 2008 **
 * That’s key to stop terrorism --- intel and recruiting **
 * Ramji-Nogales, Temply law professor, 2008 **

B. Takes out solvency-US would close the border
(Michael, The Lesser Evil: Political Ethics in an Age of Terror, p. 153-154, ldg) It is a commonplace of presidential … We would exist but lose our identity as free people. (David, “The Idea of Humanity: Human Rights and Immigrant Rights”, Columbia Human Rights Law Review, Spring, 37 Colum. Human Rights L. Rev. 627, lexis, ldg) __Yet despite__ these __substantial obstacles, …__ for such exploration.
 * Ignatieff, Harvard human rights professor, 2004 **
 * Human rights review will approve the plan --- overcomes obstacles **
 * Cole, Georgetown law professor, 2006 **
 * 2. Severs certainty: **

A) Resolved means firm in purpose
[Dictionary.com Unabridged Based on the Random House Dictionary, "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, mss] re⋅solved [ri-zolvd] –adjective firm in purpose or intent; determined. (Higher Education Funding Council for England, “Joint Committee on the Draft Charities Bill Written Evidence”, June, [], ldg) 9.1 The Draft Bill creates an obligation on … could be considered to be ever-increasing. (40 W&P 759)
 * __Random House Dictionary__**, 200**__9__**
 * B) Mechanism mandates certainty – “increase” must be a mandate **
 * HEFC 2004 **
 * “Substantial” mean unconditional **
 * Words & Phrases 64 **

__The words__ “outward, open, actual, visible, __…__ ; undivided; sole; opposed to inclusive. (Justice, “Kelsey v. Dollarsaver Food Warehouse of Durant”,http://www.oscn.net/applications/oscn/DeliverDocument.asp?CiteID=20287#marker3fn14, ldg) 4 __The legal question to be resolved …__, 1 S.Ct. 336, 337, 27 L.Ed. 201 (1882). (Lesley, “Human Rights Impact Assessments: An Immigration Case Study”, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 285, Winter, lexis, ldg) __Current domestic and … of migrants' human rights.__ __5__
 * 3. Severs immediacy – “should” means done now **
 * Summer, Oklahoma Supreme Court, 1994 **
 * 4. Severs normal means: **
 * A. Visas don’t factor in human rights **
 * Wexler, FSU law professor, 2008 **


 * Normal means should govern competition: its based in literature, predictable for both sides, and fair because they only have to defend one process of action **

1- Ground- neg flex on counterplans is key to check __overwhelming__ aff bias in the literature
[Peter, Simeon E. Baldwin Professor of Law at Yale University, “The Disconnect between Public Attitudes and Policy Outcomes in Immigration,” in //Debating Immigration//, ed by Carol M. Swain, p27-28, mss] In a polity in which only 17 percent of the … that the political disconnect over immigration policy becomes most stark.
 * __Schuck__**, Yale law professor, 200**__7__**

AND- we meet
(Tom, “A Democratic Bill of Rights for Australia”, 9-2, http://www.humanrightsconsultation.gov.au/www /nhrcc/RWPAttach.nsf/VAP/%288AB0BDE05570AAD0EF9C283AA8F533E3%29~Tom_campbell_AGWW-7RSSG7.pdf/$file/Tom_campbell_AGWW-7RSSG7.pdf, ldg) __Human rights impact statements are …__ and in civil society.
 * Campbell, Melbourne public ethics professor, 2009 **

=1NR - SKFTA=

North Korea conflict causes reactor destruction and EMP strikes-turns econ, environment and cooperation
[Kim Myong, Korean analyst of North Korea, author of a number of books and papers in Korean, Japanese and English on North Korea, Rupee News, l/n, accessed 11-3-9, mss] __The game plan for nuclear war …__ and possibly targets farther inland.
 * __Chol__**, Ph.D. in social sciences, 6-13-200**__9__**

Reactor attacks cause extinction
www.earthisland.org/eijournal/new_articles.cfm?articleID=457&journalID=63 __The__ intense __radioactive heat … future generations__ must be shut down.
 * __Wasserman__**, Free Press senior editor, Spring 200**__2__**

No capital on the budget-GOP is taking the heat.
(“Obama's Sidestep”, [], ldg) President Obama said in January that … his political capital leading the charge.
 * Time 2-17-2011 **

Budget debate isn’t enough to trigger the link- it’s a pragmatic move- Obama weighed backlash against political gains
[Paul, "Obama targets the center; big issues loom, but budget might score politically," Baltimore Sun, l/n, accessed 2-16-11, mss]
 * __West__**, Tribune Washington Bureau staff, **__2-15__**-2011
 * __Obama targets the center…__** cherished by members of his own party."

Baucus won’t block – that’s the warrant in their ev
(David, “When All You Have Left Defending You Is Max Baucus”, [], ldg) So it’s fair to say that labor has almost no key allies in this fight. … the way is Max Baucus, you don’t have much.
 * Dayen, FDL News Desk, 2-3-2011 **

Baucus is not an issue
(International Centre for Trade and Sustainable Development, “Trade Preference Schemes, FTAs Become Political Footballs in US Congress”, [], ldg) Baucus - a long-time supporter … to approve the FTA with Korea.
 * ICTSD 2-10-2011 **

3. Congress thinks the plan opens the floodgates
[Dina Francesca, prior practice as an international human rights and immigration lawyer and service with the U.S. Department of Justice, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, "ARTicle: (Not) Found Chained To A Bed In A Brothel: Conceptual, Legal, And Procedural Failures To Fulfill The Promise Of The Trafficking Victims Protection Act," 21 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 337, l/n, accessed 11-14-10, mss] 4. Illegal … about floodgates opening.
 * __Haynes__**, New England School of Law associate law professor, 200**__7__**

Anti-immigration clout overwhelms anti-trafficking clout- empirically proven
[Amy and Jeff, "Immigration Issue Muddles Fight Against Human Trafficking," Human Trafficking.org, www.humantrafficking.org/updates/424, accessed 11-16-10, mss] __Immigration__ Issue __…__ it becomes a human rights issue.”
 * __Williams and Cull__**, 200**__6__**

Independently causes a fear of terrorism
[Dina Francesca, prior practice as an international human rights and immigration lawyer and service with the U.S. Department of Justice, the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees, and the Organization for Security and Cooperation in Europe, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, "ARTicle: (Not) Found Chained To A Bed In A Brothel: Conceptual, Legal, And Procedural Failures To Fulfill The Promise Of The Trafficking Victims Protection Act," 21 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 337, l/n, accessed 11-14-10, mss] B.Conflation of Human … borders and __migration__.
 * __Haynes__**, New England School of Law associate law professor, 200**__7__**

Collapses Obama’s capital- lets GOP paint him as weak on terror
[Peter, "Obama Challenges Terrorism Critics," New York Times, accessed 8-11-10, mss] 
 * __Baker__**, NY Times staff, 2-7-20**__10__**

A. Even small popular bills spark larger immigration fights
[Edward, Harvard University Latin American Studies Robert F. Kennedy Visiting Professor, Harvard Kennedy School of Government Press, Politics and Public Policy Shorenstein fellow, former editor and reporter with The New York Times and Wall Street Journal, "The Appeal of an AgJobs Bill," Real Clear Politics, 7-2-2010, www.realclearpolitics.com/articles/2010/07/02/the_appeal_of_an_agjobs_bill_106174.html, accessed 11-15-2010, jap] AgJobs seems more sensible. But many …push AgJobs has been fraying.
 * __Schumacher-Matos__**, Harvard Kennedy School of Government Press, Politics and Public Policy fellow, 20**__10__**

C. Any immigration bill that doesn’t increase border security gets framed in terms of illegal immigration
[Dave, “Diverse paths, shared fate?” Dallas Morning News, 1-11-9, http://www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/DN-immigration_11bus.ART0.State.Edition2.37b4ce6.html, accessed 9-13-10, mss/ldg) Raising the number of high-skilled worker … __issues that we have."__
 * __Michaels__**, Dallas Morning News Washington Bureau staff, 200**__8__**

Wins not key- public is sour, GOP spin and lag between adoption and concrete benefits
[Tom, "Obama Administration's Legislative Victories May Not Help Them In Midterm Elections," http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/24/obama-administrations-leg_n_587008.html, accessed 9-2-10, mss] __Anxious and angry, **Americans …**or achievements,__ " Mann said. = = =Wake=
 * __Raum__**, Associated Press staff writer, 5-24-20**__10__**

Wake Round 2 v. GW HO
Aff - "THE UNITED STATES FEDERAL GOVERNMENT SHOULD SUBSTANTIALLY EXPAND BENEFICIARY ELIGIBILITY FOR EB3 AND EB4 VISAS TO INCLUDE MIGRANT DOMESTIC WORKERS"

1NC -

T - Eligibility
**Interpretation and violation topical beneficiary eligibility affs must allow a substantial number of persons to qualify for a visa and provides visas to those persons** Hasche, a shareholder of Parker, Butte and Lane, P.C, 200 6 (Tilman, “History and Overview of the Diaz Family's Legal Situation”, [], ldg)

For those aliens, like Luis, … because they have violated certain immigration laws.

**B. Violation-they just make potential visas available within the existing pool**

**C. Vote Negative**

**1. Limits the topic’s already broad: their interp makes being NEG impossible since they’d read small cases that allow only a few people to qualify and then claim huge symbolic or relations advantages**

**2. Core Ground-for this topic is all predicated off of the increase; by just allowing people to qualify they avoid the best links to politics, econ and consumption disads.**

Politics - DADT
Maddow and Fehrenbach, USAF Lieutenant Colonel and 19 year fighter pilot veteran, 11-18-2010 [Rachel, the host of The Rachel Maddow Show, and Victor, Lieutenant Colonel, “Lt. Col. Victor Fehrenbach on MSNBC’s Rachel Maddow Show: Last Minute Hope for DADT Repeal,” Rachel Maddow Show, http://www.sldn.org/news/archives/lt.-col.-victor-fehrenbach-on-msnbcs-rachel-maddow-show-last-minute-hope-fo/, transcribed by Jackie Poapst, accessed 11-18-10, mss/jap]
 * A. DADT repeal will pass- the vote is scheduled, Obama’s pushing, it’s at the top of the docket, but Obama’s political capital is key**

Maddow: Just as it looked like all of … away and get us to a vote.

Tichenor, University of Oregon Social Science professor, 2009 [Daniel, University of Oregon Philip H. Knight Professor of Social Science, Senior Faculty Fellow at the Wayne Morse Center for Law and Politics, The Forum, "Navigating an American Minefield: The Politics of Illegal Immigration," Vol 7, Issue 3, http://www.bepress.com/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?context=forum&article=1325&date=&mt=MTI3NTUwNTMwNA==&access_ok_form=Continue, accessed 6-2-10, mss]
 * B. Plan drains political capital-**
 * Illegal immigration reform is a political landmine- will destroy Obama’s agenda**

President Barrack Obama has reasons … has decidedly limited room to maneuver.

Glaeser, US Army Lieutenant Colonel, 2009 [Irene, "Don't Ask, Don't Tell: Time for Change," US Army War College, www.dtic.mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc?Location=U2&doc=GetTRDoc.pdf&AD=ADA494031, accessed 11-13-10, mss]
 * C. DADT repeal key to military readiness and joint warfare**

Emerging Military Doctrine Today’s battlefield does not resemble that of … adaptive, culturally sensitive leaders.

US European Command, 2009 [States News Service; released by the United States European Command, "U.S., Royal Navy Partnership Enhances Readiness For Global Assignment," l/n, accessed 11-15-10, mss]
 * Joint warfare is key to maritime security and counter-piracy**

In the midst of a full-fledged multinational exercise … level the common interests our two nations share ."

Wu and Zou, National Institute for the South China Seas Studies president, 2009 [Shicun, National Institute for the South China Seas Studies president, and Keyuan, University of Central Lancashire international law professor, Maritime Security in the South China Sea, ed. by Shicun Wu and Keyuan Zou, google books, 3, accessed 11-19-10, mss]
 * Maritime security is key to prevent maritime piracy, terrorism, and South China Seas war**

Maritime security is a hot issue, attracting … Islands is even more complicated.

The Nikkei Weekly, 7-3-1995 [“Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow before being subjected to trade liberalization demands, says Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,” l/n, accessed 11-19-10, mss]
 * Goes nuclear**

Mahathir sees Asia developing …, even nuclear, war. [Note Mahathir = the Malaysian Prime minister]

Courts CP

 * Text: The United States Supreme Court should rule that [Insert Plan Mandates] are unconstitutional on the grounds they violate United States citizens’ constitutional standing.**

**Doesn’t link to politics-Congress won’t take a stance** Quirk, Law Professor University of South Carolina Law School, 200 8 (William J., “Courts and Congress: America’s Unwritten Constitution,” p. 101) jba

Congress is so powerful under the Constitution that it can do the one thing the Founders never dreamed of: it can act as if it has no power. It thereby avoids responsibility for any issue that it senses might lead to the electoral defeat of its members. Congress passes off controversial issues because they lead to lost elections. Whichever way Congress decides a controversial issue, the losing side will resent it and may hold it against their representative. On the other hand, if the Court decides, why would anyone blame Congress? Congress's shunting of responsibility makes the Court the battlefield of the culture-wars. Both political parties benefit—the Democrats get results from the Court they could never get from the legislature, e.g., Lawrence (2003). The Republicans benefit politically—whenever the Court sets off a culture-war issue it allows Republicans to appear as defenders of traditional values, e.g., the same Lawrence decision was a major political gift for the Republicans. Many people think John Kerry would be president today if the Court had not decided to ignite the homosexual rights issue just as we were going into the election. But that was accidental or collateral damage. The Convention generally mutes philosophical differences—the two parties are merged into one big in-control party. There are bitter partisan fights but, to the public, they sound more like family fights over Who should get grandfather's clock—nothing that involves the public because ultimately the Court will make the decision. Congress, under the Convention, gives the Court the last word on the country's cultural, social, and moral issues. It gives the president a largely free hand in foreign affairs, going to war, and national security. The Court and president are happy to take on additional power. Congress retains the powers it wants, e.g, spending, which help keep its members in office—but it out-sources its responsibilities.

Cap K
Jessica LeAnn Urban, Humboldt State University Professor, 2008 (Nation, Immigration and Environmental Security, p. 93-94) jba
 * Immigration is key to the development of capitalism**

Neoliberal trade policies play a major … to trade and investment but kept it closed for workers" (Akers 2001)

Michael Dillon, professor of politics and international relations at the University of Lancaster 1999 (Political Theory, p. 164-165) hw
 * The logic of capitalism is inherently calculative—this makes all life expendable and open to extermination**

Quite the reverse. The subject was never … is integral to the lack constitutive of the human way of being.

Slavoj Zizek, senior researcher at the Institute of Sociology, University of Ljubljana, 2004 (“Iraq: The Borrowed Kettle – Utopia and the Gentle Art of Killing.” p. 71) RKB
 * Our alternative is to do nothing in the face of the affirmative – this is essential to opening a space for resistance to the ideology of capital**

The stance of simply condemning the …for a different kind of activity.

2NC - T Case

1NR DADT

2NR DADT Case

Wake Round 4 v. GMU LN
Aff - Pass the UAFA

1NC -

T- Eligibility
Protectionism DA

China Daily 6-24-2010 (“A new beginning beckons global leaders”, [], ldg)
 * 1. No protectionism now**

Leading economists worldwide … presidential adviser.

Wucker, Executive Director of the World Policy Institute, 2006 (Michele, “Lockout”, pg 94-5, ldg)
 * 2. Immigration fuels anxiety over globalization-causes protectionist backlash.**

Today, America is at a new tipping point … came hand in hand with the closing of the doors to trade and worsened the that they were intended to solve.

Garten, Yale management professor, 2009 (Jeffrey, “The Dangers of Turning Inward”, Wall Street Journal, 3-5 [], ldg)
 * 3. Protectionism goes global-causes war and undermines solutions to global problems.**

The point is, economic nationalism, with … falling back into poverty?

Case
2NC Don't Bring up Dream Act CP T-Eligibility Case

1NR DADT

2NR CP DADT Case

Wake Round 5 v. GW BB
Aff - Sports visas to Soccer Players

1NC -

Sports K
Burstyn, public policy consultant and cultural critic, 19 99 [Varda, award-winning author and political writer, The Rites of Men: Manhood, Politics and the Culture of Sport, 25-32, mss]
 * A. The plan’s globalization of athletic labor props up the masculinzed nexus of contemporary sports. This makes violence inevitable- sport maintains the mythology and narrative that is necessary to sustain masculinity and transfers its coveted values of aggression, domination and war to the larger social sphere- this is war makes war-making possible and inevitable.**
 * An alternative gender order is possible- the current era makes challenging the artificial limitations of the patriarchal order possible, BUT the sports culture ensures the co-option of new movements back into the patriarchal fold- any challenges to the dominant ideology are thwarted by the maintenance of sports.**

The identification supporters have with … with respect to men as a group and gender class. Burstyn, public policy consultant and cultural critic, 19 99 [Varda, award-winning author and political writer, The Rites of Men: Manhood, Politics and the Culture of Sport, 187-191, mss]
 * B. Sports prepare us for war and leave us unequipped to realize peace. Sports maintain the warrior culture and the ideology of coercive entitlement, which legitimizes selective violence and makes war inevitable.**
 * The alternative is to reject the embrace of sports. War is not an inevitable feature of human life- reorganizing our physical culture can reshape society and remove the war economy. Rejecting the plan is key to end the practice of treating of sports as harmless fun and games.**

The second conception of the relationship … viability into question. We need new heroes who model a masculinity constructed along prosocial, not antisocial lines.

Referendum CP
American Heritage, 2009 [The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, mss] re·solve (rĭ-zŏlv') v. tr. 1. To make a firm decision about.
 * Counterplan: The United States Federal Government should propose, in the form of a binding referendum preceded by public legislative hearings, that it should (Insert Plan Mandate).**
 * The counterplan competes- it tests the words resolved and should:**
 * Resolved means to make a firm decision**

American Heritage, 2009 [The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language, Fourth Edition, "Should," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should, mss] should (shŏŏd) aux.v. Past tense of shall 1. Used to express obligation or duty: You should send her a note.
 * Should is “used to imply obligation”**

(insert solvency)
 * AND- the counterplan solves- public would say yes**

McFarlane, Univesity of Baltimore law professor, 2001 (Audrey, When Inclusion Leads to Exclusion: The Uncharted Terrain of Community Participation in Economic Development," Spring, 66 Brooklyn L. Rev. 861, accessed: 3-17-2010, lexis, ldg)
 * The net benefit is democracy:**
 * A. Lack of public participation allows elites to dominate politics-CP causes a transformation in American democracy**

Of course, not all democratic political theories … may experience as a source of unhappiness."

Garrett, University of Chicago Law professor, 2001 (Elizabeth, "INTERNATIONAL HUMAN RIGHTS LAW IN PRACTICE: Issues in Implementing Referendums in Israel: A Comparative Study in Direct Democracy," Spring, Chi. J. Int'l L. 159, accessed: 3-17-2010, lexis, ldg)
 * B. A national referendum will jump-start a transition to incorporate better democracy into our governance**

Ideally, a structure for a popular vote …democracy and elements of direct democracy.

Diamond, Stanford University Hoover Institution senior fellow, 2008 (Larry, co-editor of the Journal of Democracy, The Spirit of Democracy, 346-7, accessed: 3-17-2010, ldg)
 * C. This is crucial to making US efforts to promote global democracy effective**

Increasingly, Americans feel that … continue to say, “Do as we say, not as we do.”

Diamond, Stanford University Hoover Institution senior fellow, 1995 (Larry, “Promoting Democracy in the 1990s”, http://www.wilsoncenter.org/subsites/ccpdc/pubs/di/1.htm, ldg)
 * D. Democracy is key to solve nuclear war and extinction**

This hardly exhausts the lists of threats … security and prosperity can be built.

Duvivier, law professor University of Denver, 2006 (KK, THE UNITED STATES AS A DEMOCRATIC IDEAL? INTERNATIONAL LESSONS IN REFERENDUM DEMOCRACY, Legal Research Paper Series, Working Paper No. 07-13, http://ssrn.com/abstract= 960319, ldg)
 * The public’s responsibility to choose shields Congress from backlash and tradeoffs**

Government-sponsored matters vary ... from republican lawmaking.”161

2NC - Sports K

1NR - The Ref

2NR - Sports K

Wake Round 8 v. Georgia BR
Aff - EB

1NC

Case(Heg Good, off-shoring good, E-Verify, Espionage, Backlog)
**The plan leads to dramatic expansion of e-verify** Lawrence, Inter-American Institute on Migration immigration policy analyst, 5-20-20 10 [Stewart, U.S. Catholic Conference immigration analyst, and American Immigration Law Foundation analyst, LA Times, "The Skinny Option," l/n, accessed 10-27-10, mss]

During the healthcare reform debate, some observers … illegal immigrants typically congregate.

Patel, Boston College Third World Law Journal staff writer, Spring 2010 [Shelly, "E-Verify: An Exceptionalist System Embedded In The Immigration Reform Battle Between Federal And State Governments," Boston College Third World Law Journal, 30 B.C. Third World L.J. 453, l/n, accessed 10-27-10, mss]
 * E-verify crashes the economy- leads to unemployment, wage deflation, and causes defensive hiring- turns the case**

II. THE PROBLEMS WITH E-VERIFY In a recent federal court decision, … but will also disrupt the economy. n111

2NC Case (Heg good, e-verify, D everywhere else)

1NR DADT

2NR Case and Politics?

=USC=

USC Round 1 v. Whitman BD
Aff - STEM EB (All China Advantages)

1NC -


 * Counterplan: The United States Federal Government should propose that it should [INSERT PLAN TEXT] to all Native American governments in the United States for binding consultation. The United States Federal Government should support its proposal during consultation. The United States Federal Government should abide by the results of consultation pertaining to the proposal.**

American Heritage, 2009 [American Heritage Dictionary, 4th Edition "resolved," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/Resolved, mss] re·solve (rĭ-zŏlv') v. tr. 1. To make a firm decision about.
 * The plan must be unconditional-**
 * A. Resolved means to make a firm decision**

American Heritage, 2009 [American Heritage Dictionary, 4th Edition, "Should," http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/should, mss] should (shŏŏd) aux.v. Past tense of shall 1. Used to express obligation or duty: You should send her a note.
 * B. Should implies obligation**

Donayre, Leadership Council of the Bay Area Immigrant Rights Coalition member, 2006 [Marta, Love Sees No Borders co-founder, "Listen to the Native Americans on Immigration," 10-19-6, http://www.imdiversity.com/villages/native/politics_law/nam_native_immigration_1006.asp, accessed 6-10-10, mss] I lowered my head and shook it … the economic and immigration policy debates.
 * We have a moral obligation to genuinely consult with Natives on immigration- its key to reject colonialism and find new solutions that rely on inclusion and respect- they’ll say yes to the plan**

Haskew, DNA People's Legal Services, Inc., managaing attorney (Navajo Nation), 2000 [Derek C., American Indian Law Review, "Federal Consultation With Indian Tribes: The Foundation of Enlightened Policy Decisions, or Another Badge of Shame?," 24 Am. Indian L. Rev. 21, 1999/2000, l/n, accessed 12-31-10, mss] The proliferation of tribal consultation … heart of this nation's relationship with its indigenous population.
 * Genuine consultation is critical to broadly incorporate the views of indigenous peoples**

Suagee, J.D., University of North Carolina, 1992 [Dean B., University of Michigan Journal of Law Reform, "Self-Determination for Indigenous Peoples at the Dawn of the Solar Age," 25 U. Mich. J.L. Reform 671, l/n, accessed 12-31-10, mss] The global environmental crisis is real -- unless … under international law as a matter of principle.
 * Indigenous knowledge is key to solve environmental crises that lead to extinction- BUT independently there is a moral imperative to recognize Native voices**

Australia
Redwood, Daily Mail staff, 12-3-2010 [Fred, Daily Mail, "Australia’s still a winner," www.dailymail.co.uk/property/article-1335306/Australia-s-winner-As-England-battle-retain-The-Ashes-life-Down-Under-tantalising-affordable-option.html, accessed 12-30-10, mss]
 * A. Australia is winning the war for talent- their future looks good**

Australia’s still a … booming economies in Asia '

Chong, 2006 [Jordan, The Age staff writer, "World feels effects as US takes in more skilled migrants," The Age (Melbourne, Australia), 6-17-6, l/n, accessed 12-23-10, mss]
 * B. Plan destroys Australia’s ability to attract skilled workers**

A PROPOSED increase in the U nited S tates' …of our permanent residents," she says.

Hobart Mercury (Australia), 2009 ["Take care with migration," 3-17-9, l/n, accessed 12-24-10, mss]
 * Skilled workers key to the economy**

Young professionals and … services without them.

Tow and Lyon, University of Queensland IR lecturer and former head of the Australian Strategic Analysis Branch, 2003 [William, University of Queensland international relations professor, and Rod, quals above, “The Future of the Australia-U.S. Security Relationship,” December, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB50.pdf, accessed 12-29-10, mss]
 * C. The economy is key to Australian global and regional engagement**

Some Australian officials also … underlying Australian defense policy.

Tow and Lyon, University of Queensland IR lecturer and former head of the Australian Strategic Analysis Branch, 2003 [William, University of Queensland international relations professor, and Rod, quals above, “The Future of the Australia-U.S. Security Relationship,” December, www.strategicstudiesinstitute.army.mil/pdffiles/PUB50.pdf, accessed 12-29-10, mss]
 * That’s key to solve terrorism- Australia provides key access that other countries and tech can’t solve**

Much of what Australia does will be shaped … Southeast Asia’s overall counterterrorism campaign.

Ayson, New Zealand Centre for Strategic Studies professor and director, April 2010 (Robert, “After Terrorist Nuclear: Envisaging Catalytic Effects”, Informaworld) bct
 * Cause global nuclear war**

A terrorist nuclear attack, and even the … consultation from Washington that the latter found itself unable or unwilling to provide.

Malthus DA
Kolankiewicz, MS environmental planning University of British Columbia, 2010 (Leon, “From Big to Bigger: How Mass Immigration and Population Growth Have Exacerbated America’s Ecological Footprint”, March, [], ldg)
 * The US is on the brink of overshoot and immigration is responsible-every increase reduces the chance of survival.**

What bearing do these “inconvenient truths” have on …our undoing, and that civilization as we know it may unravel.44

Case (E-Verify)
2NC - Case

1NR Consult Natives

2NR E-Verify Case

USC Round 4 v. Puget Sound LM
Aff - Same-sex Couples

1NC -

Court Capital DA
Mauro, Supreme Court reporter for National Law Journal, 2010 (Tony, “High Court Seems Reluctant to Overturn First Amendment Precedents in Funeral Protest Case”, 10-7, [], ldg)
 * Phelps will win-oral arguments**

While expressing disdain for … the law on funeral protests.

Newsweek 2010 (“Free (Hate) Speech”, 3-17, [], ldg)
 * Ruling for Phelps requires striking down popular restrictions**

It has been difficult for opponents …going to protest a wedding or a baptism?" Snyder says.

Logan, Wake Forest law professor, 1990 (David, “ARTICLES: TORT LAW AND THE CENTRAL MEANING OF THE FIRST AMENDMENT”, Spring, 51 U. Pitt. L. Rev. 493, lexis, ldg)
 * That requires political capital**

Finally, besides history and policy, …broadly the class of statements which is given any constitutional protection. n366

McFarland, Editor of the NYU Annual Survey of American Law, 2008 (Michael, “NOTE: DERIVATIVE CITIZENSHIP: ITS HISTORY, CONSTITUTIONAL FOUNDATION, AND CONSTITUTIONAL LIMITATIONS”, 63 N.Y.U. Ann. Surv. Am. L. 467, lexis, ldg)
 * The aff drains the court’s capital and forces a tradeoff**

Pillard and Aleinikoff also recognize …supporting the plenary power doctrine.

Zick, William and Mary law professor, 2010 (Timothy, “The First Amendment Protects Military Funeral Protests”, 7-6, [], ldg)
 * Phelps loss destroys free expression**

Free-speech controversies have often ... has reminded us that free speech is not free.

Krotoszynski, Alabama law professor, 2009 (Ronald, “The Perils and the Promise of Comparative Constitutional Law: The New Globalism and the Role of the United States in Shaping Human Rights, Arkansas Law Review, 61 Ark. L. Rev. 603, lexis, ldg)
 * U.S. law is key to develop global norms**

In thinking about the reality and effects of … the process of exporting legal rules is not solely a job for the judiciary, nor should it be.

D’Souza, Prof of Anthropology @ Oxford, 1996 (Frances, “IFLA: A FORCE FOR FREE EXPRESSION”, [], ldg)
 * Absent freedom of expression, global warfare and genocide are inevitable**

To some the right to free speech may appear … method available to communicate the need for change.

Case
2NC - Congress CP T-Eligibility Case

1NR Court Cap DA Visa K

2NR Visa K

USC Round 6 v. Mo St. SS
Aff - UN Protocol Trafficking

1NC -

Politics - Korus North Korea Mpx)

 * KORUS will pass but a big push from Obama will be key**

Reuters, 1-5 (“2011 could be Obama's year of trade,” []) atw

After years of trade policy stalemate, … Obama made a big push.

Cooper et al., CRS Foreign Affairs, Defense and Trade division, 2010 (William, “The Proposed South Korea-U.S. Free Trade Agreement (KORUS FTA”, 11-10, [], ldg)
 * Signal of failure collapses the alliance**

In contrast, while the passage … strategic, rather than economic, relations.

Feulner, Ph.D from Edinburgh, 2010 (Edwin, “The Status of the U.S.-Korea Relationship in 2010”, 2-4, [], ldg)
 * Key to solve Korean war.**

In 2010, we can expect more of the … Congress continue to favor protectionist trade practices.

Hayes and Green, Victoria University AND Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute, 2010 [Peter, Victoria University, and Michael, Executive Director of the Nautilus Institute, “-“The Path Not Taken, the Way Still Open: Denuclearizing the Korean Peninsula and Northeast Asia”]jap
 * Global nuclear war**

The consequences of failing to … financial crisis pale by comparison.

Case
2NC - T - Eligibility Case

1NR Korus

2NR Korus Case

=CSUF=

CSUF Round 2 v. Towson CK
Aff - Chattel Slavery

1NC -

Radical Orthodoxy
 Daniel M. Bell, Jr., Associate Professor of Theological Ethics, Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary , 200 7 (Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, "The Politics of Fear and The Gospel of Life," JCRT 8.2 SPRING 2007 55, http://www.jcrt.org/archives/08.2/) mph

Thus, as we examine the culture of fear, … Christ's death and the redemptive necessity of sacrifice and suffering.

**We advocate that the judge vote for the neg to create a space for a new political order. That political order is affirmed through the politics of being-for-life found in the resurrection of Jesus Christ. The truth-event of the resurrection is a radical act of affirmation that denies death meaning and ruptures the politics we have critiqued. Our ethic replaces the logic of reductive sacrifice (in the name of God or people) with the relentless affirmation of life that overcomes the politics of fear and allows ceaseless giving in the face of terror.** Bell 07 Daniel, M. Associate Professor of theological ethics, Lutheran theological southern seminary, Journal for Cultural and Religious theory, ‘The politics of fear and the gospel of life,” JCRT 8.2 Spring 2007 55, [|www.jcrt.org/archives/08.2/]bell.pdf)

Hence, the commonplace reading is not a tale of … gain that is filiation and communion

**The politics of life cannot be relegated to the realm of the "personal"—it is the foundation of a new community united in shared love rather than the divided by the false virtues of less work of the politics of being-for-death.** Bell 7 Daniel M. Bell, Jr., Associate Professor of Theological Ethics, Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, 2007 (Journal for Cultural and Religious Theory, "The Politics of Fear and The Gospel of Life," JCRT 8.2 SPRING 2007 55, http://wwvyjcrt.org/archJves/0jj,2/) mph

We might say that the Christ-event interrupts ... there we catch a glimpse of the politics of life.

**The refusal to cease suffering that is the basis of the politics of life does ceaselessly affirms a new political orientation and is the only method to give agency to the most marginalized portions of society and bring reconciliation of violent humanity** Bell, Assistant Prof of Theological Ethics Lutheran Southern, 1 Daniel M. Bell, Assistant Professor of Theological Ethics at the Lutheran Theological Southern Seminary, Liberation Theology After the End of History, 2001

T he therapy of forgiveness does indeed appear … be active subjects of social and political struggle."161

Method K args on Case
Ahmed, University of London Race and Cultural studies reader, 200 4 [Sara, "Declarations of Whiteness: The Non-Performativity of Anti-Racism," Borderlands, Vol 3 No 2, http://www.borderlands.net.au/vol3no2_2004/ahmed_declarations.htm, accessed 2-18-10, mss]
 * The affirmative reifies whiteness- focusing the debate on whiteness makes into a monolith, sustaining the narcissism that elevates whiteness to a spectacle- this fixation makes “whiteness” more powerful**

3. Whiteness studies is after all deeply … into an object that could be loved.

2NC - Radical Orthodoxy (Links, Impact, Violent revolution Bad)

1NR - Radical Orthodoxy (Alt, Perm)

2NR - Radical Orthodoxy

CSUF Round 3 v. Dartmouth RR
aff - Investors

1NC -

Skolkovo DA
Moscow News 2010 (“US boosts Skolkovo plans”, 6-28, [], ldg)
 * Russia is building a high tech investment park called Skolkovo-human capital is key**

Russia’s answer to Silicon Valley is … businesses and probably to expand abroad.”

Moscow News 2010 (“Yes to Silicon Valley – but whose?”, 7-6, [], ldg)
 * Startup visas directly trade off with investment-collapses the project**

As more countries turn to innovation …and start living the American dream.

ICD 2010 (Institute of Contemporary Development, “Information Technology and Russia’s Future”, [], ldg)
 * Key to Russia economy**

Russia’s extremely strong economic growth … the development of innovative industries.

Filger, founder of GlobalEconomicCrisis.com, 2009 (Sheldon, “Russian Economy Faces Disastrous Free Fall Contraction”, 5-10, [], ldg)
 * Russian econ decline causes nuclear war**

In Russia, historically, economic health … is its least dangerous consequence.

Case
2NC - Solvency Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - Korus Case (Solvency Included)

CSUF Round 6 v. Northwestern FS
Aff - H1-B

1NC -

Case
2NC - Case

1NR - Australia

2NR - Australia Case

=Navy=

Navy Round 1 v. Capital NN
Aff - Investors

1NC -

Case
2NC - T- Eligibility Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - Korus Case

Navy Round 3 v. GMU LN
Aff - Pass the UAFA

1NC -

Displaced Ethics K
**The Affirmative poses the question of ethics only insofar as it relates to the domain of politics. Tying ethical reorientation of ourselves with the reorientation of our collective political spheres takes precedent and in the process produces these ethics and our relationship with others merely as a background for political transformations. The affirmative makes the question not how much how we can change ourselves but instead how we can change our institutions to change ourselves. This process produces mediated relationships which makes genuine ethical engagement impossible.** Zupančič, 2000 (Alenka, Researcher at the Institute of Philosophy @ the Slovene Academy of Sciences in Ljubljana, Ethics of the Real: Kant and Lacan, p 10-11) cnb

In other words, one cannot attain …, at the very act of desiring — it refers to the faculty of desire as a priori.

**The Belief that our activisms must inevitably, inexorably respond to the political conditions of our time through the leveraging of particular institutional appeals is precisely what nullifies our ethical potential. No matter the force of its opposition, the connection of transformation with an appeal to our institutions, mediates our relationships in such a manner that ethical transformation outside this frame of mediation becomes impossible.** Hershock, 1999 (Peter D., Project Fellow at the EastWest Center, Ph.D. in Philosophy from the University of Hawaii, "Changing the Way Society Changes: Transposing Social Activism into a Dramatic Key", Journal of Buddhist Ethics 6, p 158-160, http://jbe.gold.ac.uk/6/hershock991.pdf) cnb

I have argued at some length (Hershock, 1999) that … ‘being right’ and ‘being wronged’.

Santilli, professor of philosophy @ Siena College 2003 (Paul,, “Radical Evil, Subjection, and Alain Badiou’s Ethic of the Truth Event”, World Congress of The International Society for Universal Dialogue, May 22, http://www.isud.org/papers/pdfs/Santilli.pdf) cnb
 * If the mediation of our ethics is the source of our ethical impoverishment and the corruption of our relationships, it’s time to withdraw from this framework of mediation. We ask you to affirm the ethical commitment of the 1AC in its immediacy. Suspending the wall that mediates our relationships constitutes the only genuine ethical act. **

If we retain this original sense of “radical evil” …, we find no truth and no genuine morality.

Korus DA
2NC - Displaced Ethics K Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - Korus Case

Navy Round 6 v. Cornell HK
Aff - Translators

1NC -

Case (Middle East War Good, Afghan Instability Good)
2NC - T - Eligibility Case

1NR - Korus Malthus

2NR Korus Case

Navy Doubles v. Gtown JV
Aff - STAPLE

1NC -

T - Status Change
Bureau of Consular Affairs Visa Glossary [No date given, accessed 7-16-2010, "Glossary of Visa Terms," U.S. State Department, http://travel.state.gov/visa/frvi/glossary/glossary_1363.html, mss]
 * A. Interpretation- Visas are applied for from overseas and allow travel to the US**

Visa: A citizen of a foreign country, …you can stay for any particular visit.

Visa Pro, 2010 (“Visa Status: Difference Between Visa and Status” visapro.com/Immigration-Articles/?a=176&z=64) atw
 * That’s different than granting status to individuals already here**

You must understand the difference … he acquires a Status.
 * B. Violation- the affirmative functionally gives status change to individuals already here**
 * B. Violation- the affirmative functionally gives status change to individuals already here**


 * That’s a voter**
 * A- Limits- their affirmative justifies hundreds of different potential changes in status adding to an already huge topic- makes it impossible to properly research every affirmative**
 * B- Ground- we lose links to disads like protectionism or Malthus because the individuals are already in the country**
 * C- Education- the heart of the visa topic is bringing more individuals from overseas- the aff skirts this discussion killing topic-specific education**

Case
2NC - T - Eligibility Courts CP Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - T - Eligibility

=Kentucky=

Kentucky Round 1 v. Louisville PW
Aff - Protest

1NC -

Radical Orthodoxy
2NC - Radical Orthodoxy (Link, Impact, Alt)

1NR - Radical Orthodoxy (Perm)

2NR - Radical Orthodoxy

Kentucky Round 4 v. Pitt KS
Aff - Courts Overrule Chinese Exclusion Act

1NC -

Case
2NC - Visa K Case

1NR - Korus DA

2NR - Visa K

Kentucky Round 6 v. Michigan LZ
Aff - EBs to STEM workers from American Universities

1NC -

Case
2NC - Visa K Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - Korus Case

Kentucky Round 7 v. Kansas CW
Aff - EB to STEM Workers

1NC -

Case
2NC - Courts CP Case

1NR - Korus

2NR - Korus Case