Mary+Washington+ST+(Ben+Saunders+and+Terrell+Taylor)+Aff

Contention 1 is Feminine Phantoms

The discourse of trafficking is mired in political complexity. Humanitarian approaches become entrenched in the logic of security, engaging in strategies of prevention and profiling of victims. Process diverts the focus away from the structural conditions that result in oppressive and exploitative forms of migration, and locates causality within the victim

Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 98-99, TAT ]

Compared to the more straightforward examples AND individual that needs to be reformed.

The securitization of migration is a tool for the co-option of the political process and the consolidation of political power. The game of naming and blaming the enemy draws attention away from the structural and social inequalities and seeks only to preserve authority and its control over the discursive space. Bigo, Professor of International Relations,2 (Didier, Alternatives: Global local and political, “Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease”, January-March 2002, [], accessed 12-26-10)

Fears, unrest, misgivings  originating AND  -identified) or groups at risk

The result is that the victim ultimately becomes the culprit. Expert knowledge and psychologization not only construct the vulnerability of the victim but locates the victim as a high risk category that presents the threat of social problems Aradau, she’s also an International Studies lecturer at the Open University of the UK, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 100-102, TAT ]

In the general assemblage of risk AND of risky actions in the future.

These attempts at stability are an instance of the state drive towards stability. Such an attempt fails to recognize the position of historical and cultural forces that particularize and prevent the access to clean, unmediated knowledge Stavrakakis, professor of political science, 99 (Yannis, University of Essex, Lacan and the Political, pg. 87-88 TAT)

What is, in fact, AND humanity resist such a godsend ? (Pecheux, 1988:640)

Resisting the exceptional and extreme justifications of securitization is an ethico-political responsibility. Securtization guarantees frequent and complicit violations of freedom. Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg.68 TAT ]

As securitization means 'that an issue AND of normal politics as democratic .4

The categories of good and evil migrant calls for the elimination of others. Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 59-60 JCP]

Berman has captured an interesting dichotomyAND and the elimination of other individuals.

This attempt to protect and secure a population coincides with a violent displacement of so-called “threatening” others to the periphery. The technological processes behind this action simultaneously and consequently ensure discriminatory atrocities, rendered invisible in the name of modernity’s ascent to virtue.

Dillon, 2005 (Michael, Lancaster University Political Science Professor, foucault studies, “Cared to Death: The Biopoliticised Time of Your Life,” p.44, [], accessed 12-15-10 TAT)

In posing an intrinsic and unique AND essential relation with correction and death.

Securitization ensures poor policy-worst case scenario planning only fosters and encourages ignorant action Schneier, security technologist, 10 (Bruce, CNN, “Worst-case thinking makes us nuts, not safe”, [], accessed 1-20-11 TAT)

There's a certain blindness that comes AND a wide range of future threats. "

Infused with the logic of security, trafficking discourse mobilizes violent instruments to eradicate the threat of the traffickers. The result is violent interventions targeted the trafficked migrants that leave the trafficking venues intact Davidson, University of Nottingham, School of Sociology, 10 [Julia, “New slavery, old binaries: human trafficking and the borders of ‘freedom’”, Global Networks 10, 2 (2010) 244–261, pg 253-255JCP]

Kevin Bales (2000: 250AND deported before they reach 18 (BBC News 2008b).

Hence we affirm that

The United States federal government should remove restrictions against sex work for all employment visas.

Contention 2 is One world-many faces

The plan is appeal to Universality. By leveling the differences within the category of trafficked peoples, the governmental appropriation and subversion of resistance is impossible, and the image of the enemy that is critical to security discourse is delegitimized. Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 131-133, TAT

Political events do not only start AND except those who are deemed dangerous.

Similarly and consequently, the plan is concerned with Equality. This is not a gesture towards a demand or an observation of lack thereof, but a declaration of that which is inherent to the situation, that the multiple categories of trafficked migrants are not to be differentiated as evil and good, but respected equally. Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 134-135, TAT

The other principle that gives content AND have been formulated in this situation.

Looking to the ideological formations within the situation of trafficking is key. The images and discourse immediately informs policy Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 19-20 JCP]

Human trafficking is formulated as a AND existing regimes to govern human trafficking.

Our argument is not merely a claim towards the acceptability of prostitution or a denunciation of the conservative and Victorian morals that might inform the humanitarian politics of pity. Rather through identifying and recognizing the migrant sex worker along with others in the category of trafficked, the particulars of all can emerge, free from the violent and oppressive articulations of the state. This is the only means by which the abuse and exploitative elements of trafficking can be humanely and ethically addressed

Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the [|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 138-142 JCP]

Arguing in favour of prostitution as AND and exploitation of victims of trafficking.