Liberty+GW Lincoln+Garrett+&+Austin+Woodruff AFF

= = toc =Recent Plans=

Kentucky
Plan: The United States federal government should remove the numerical cap on H-1B visas.

=New 1AC Cards Districts Round 1=

Econ
Economic recovery is illusory-generating wealth for workers instead of corporations is key to avoid speculative bubbles and collapse Reich, UC Berkeley public policy professor, 2-11-2011 (Robert, “Robert Reich: Economic recovery is more fragile than you think”, [], ldg)

At a time when corporate profits … guess is within the next few months.

Economic growth is key to prevent multipolarity which causes great power wars. Khalilzad, former director of policy planning at the Defense Department, 2011 (Zalmay, “The Economy and National Security”, 2-8, [], ldg)

Today, economic and fiscal trends pose …facing Chinese hegemony and aggression.

India
Visa issue spills over to the entire relationship. Bergsten et al., Peterson Institute for International Economics, 2010 (Fred, “What Obama Can Offer in India”, 10-29, [], ldg)

The future of cooperation is bright, …US attitudes toward globalization.

Indian cooperation is key to maritime security. Lavoy et al., Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 2007 (Peter, “U.S.-India Maritime Cooperation: A Track-Two Dialogue”, 9-18, [], ldg)

Indo-U.S. relations have been on … of the new maritime strategy.

Maritime security is key to prevent maritime piracy, terrorism, and South China Seas war Wu and Zou, National Institute for the South China Seas Studies president, 2009 [Shicun, National Institute for the South China Seas Studies president, and Keyuan, University of Central Lancashire international law professor, Maritime Security in the South China Sea, ed. by Shicun Wu and Keyuan Zou, google books, 3, accessed 11-19-10, mss]

Maritime security is a hot issue, attracting the … picture of the Spratly Islands is even more complicated.

Goes nuclear The Nikkei Weekly, 7-3-1995 [“Developing Asian nations should be allowed a grace period to allow their economies to grow before being subjected to trade liberalization demands, says Malaysian Prime Minister Mahathir Mohamad,” l/n, accessed 11-19-10, mss]

Mahathir sees Asia developing …full-scale, even nuclear, war.

=Advantages=

Economy
The income gap is rising-this guarantees a jobless recovery and collapse. Daltorio, BellaOnline's Investing Editor, 12-23-2010 (Tony, “A Jobless Recovery Means No Recovery”, [], ldg)

The story we are getting from the …children's on more and more debt.

The US is key to the Global Recovery Caploe, PhD in International political economy from Princeton, 2009 (David, “Focus still on America to lead global recovery,” The Straits Times, 4-7, lexis, ldg)

IN THE aftermath of the G-20 … to have to be solved there too.

Plan solves-3 ways

First is skills shortages-they are imminent and the plan solves Malshe, JD Cornell law school, 2010 (Ajay, “ FROM OBSOLETE TO ESSENTIAL: HOW REFORMING OUR IMMIGRATION LAWS CAN STIMULATE AND STRENGTHEN THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY”, ALBANY GOVERNMENT LAW REVIEW, Volume 3 Issue 1, [], ldg)

The central thesis of this article is …and growth of companies like Google.115

We need millions of workers in the next decade. Peiker, Manpower Business Solutions, 2010 (Sarah, “Optimizing the Talent Pool” 4-26, [], ldg)

With the abundance of talent in … meeting the minimum requirements.

Skills shortages wreck the economy. Gordon et al., president of Imperial Consulting, 2009 (Edward, “The Global Talent Crisis Contrary to popular opinion, there are plenty of open jobs. What’s missing are candidates with skills”, The Futurist, September-October,[], ldg)

Without drastic talent … reinvent its talent-creation system.

Second is productivity-High skilled immigrants increase it Chiswick, economics professor at University of Illinois, 2005 (Barry, “High Skilled Immigration in the International Arena”, September, [], ldg)

It is easy to understand the …“production possibility frontier”.

Productivity is key and helps the economy weather shocks. Atkinson et al., President of the Information Technology and Innovation Foundation, 2007 (Robert, “Digital prosperity Understanding the Economic Benefits of the Information Technology Revolution” March, [], ldg)

WHILE PRODUCTIVITY may not get …$50 billion with no loss in revenues

Third is income gap-the plan closes it. Sherk et al., Senior Policy Analyst in Labor Economics at Heritage, 2008 (James, “More H-1B Visas, More American Jobs, A Better Economy”, 4-30, [], ldg)

Many American high-tech workers oppose …advanced than those of H-1B workers.

Global economic crisis causes war---strong statistical support Royal, director of Cooperative Threat Reduction at the U.S. Department of Defense, 2010 (Jedediah, Economics of War and Peace: Economic, Legal, and Political Perspectives, pg 213-215, ldg)

Less intuitive is how periods of … be considered ancillary to those views.

Engineering
Engineering workforce is declining now-qualified natives are opting out. Brown, member of the National Association of Science Writers, 2009 (Alan, “What Engineering Shortage?”, Summer, [], ldg)

If the data suggests no real … with students outside the United States.”

Shortage will prevent a transition to renewable energy Norris, Senior Advisor at the Breakthrough Institute, 2010 (Teryn, “Racing for Clean-Tech Jobs: Why America Needs an Energy Education Strategy”, 3-18, [], ldg)

A growing consensus suggests … and entrepreneurs, as well as technicians.

Green economy is key to hegemony Klarevas, NYU global affairs professor, 2009 (Louis, “Securing American Primacy While Tackling Climate Change: Toward a National Strategy of Greengemony”, 12-15, [], ldg)

As national leaders from around the … promote a national strategy of greengemony.

Solves nuclear war Thayer, 06 (Bradley, "In Defense of Primacy," The National Interest, November/December 2006, p. lexis)

Throughout history, peace and stability …of solving the world's ills.

And it spills over globally to solve warming Roberts, regular contributor to Harper’s Magazine, 2004 (Paul, “The End of Oil: On the Edge of a Perilous New World”, pg 325-26, ldg)

Politically, a new US energy policy … take the same steps itself?”

Plan solves tech barriers in devleping countries Pistone et al, Professor of Law Villanova U, 2007 (Summer Michele R., Director of the Clinical Program, and Director of the Clinic for Asylum, Refugee and Emigrant Services (CARES), The Georgetown Journal of Law & Public Policy, “SYMPOSIUM: REFORMING U.S. IMMIGRATION POLICY: Rethinking Immigration of the Highly-Skilled and Educated in the Post-9/11 World,” 5 Geo. J.L. & Pub. Pol'y 495, l/n) atw

Dr. Iwu, whose research has shown noteworthy … on research that has no guarantee of success.

That’s key. WBCSD 2010 (World Business Council for Sustainable Development, “Enabling A business perspective frameworks for technology diffusion”, 5-19, [], ldg)

According to the International Energy …endogenous technological capabilities.

Consensus of scientists is no runaway warming if future emissions are cut - Craig, Doctorate in Psychology, 9-29-2010 (Doug, “New report states US must adapt to climate change now”, [], ldg)

"The ever-increasing disruption of our … emissions and concentrations."

Warming causes extinction. Tickell, Climate researcher 2008 (Oliver, Climate Researcher, The Gaurdian, “On a planet 4C hotter, all we can prepare for is extinction”, 8-11, [] commentisfree/2008/aug/11/ climatechange, ldg)

We need to get prepared for four degrees of … towards a similar hothouse Earth

India
US-India relations are on the brink Tourangbam, INFA, 2010 (Monish, “Indo-US ties: Looming shadows”, 8-23, [], ldg)

The Border Security Bill that the … cast a shadow over his upcoming visit.

India wants unlimited H1Bs Kanth, Deccan Herald News Service, 2005 (Ravi, “India disappointed with offer made by US”, 6-26, [], ldg)

New Delhi had sought unlimited … refused to indicate anything.

Congressional action’s key Thibodeau, Computerworld editor, 2010 (Patrick, “Obama softens his tone on offshoring”, 11-10, [], ldg)

A few months ago, Congress raised … tacked on to some pending appropriations bills.

US-India relations are key to counterinsurgency success and overall stability in Afghanistan Shenai, M.Phil., IR, St. Antony's College, Oxford U, 9 (11-18, Neena, former Senior Adviser, Bureau of Industry and Security, U.S. Department of Commerce, J.D., Vanderbilt University Law School, “The Critical U.S-India Relationship,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] ) atw

India shares the desire of the United States … stakes in the peace, progress, and stability” of the region.

Most likely scenario for great power war Wesley, Executive Director of the Lowy Institute for International Policy, 10 (2-25, Michael, Previously he was Professor of International Relations and Director of the Griffith Asia Institute at Griffith University, and a Visiting Fellow at the University of Hong Kong and Sun Yat-Sen University in Guangzhou, China. Prior to this, he was the Assistant Director-General for Transnational Issues at the Office of National Assessments, and a Senior Lecturer in International Relations at the University of New South Wales, “Stability in Afghanistan: Why it matters,”<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] ) atw

Great power competition in the twenty-…chronically unstable by its cyclical structure.

=Solvency=

As of Navy:
Immigrants want to come- restrictive immigration policy reverses this. Galama et al, management scientist at the RAND Corporation, 2007 (Titus, “Perspectives on US Competitiveness in Science and Technology”, pg 115-16, ldg)

As James Carville famously said … this will not be a long-term problem

This is specifically true for scientists Benderly, fellow of the American Associaton for the Advancement of Science, 2010 (Beryl Lieff, “The Real Science Gap”, 6-14, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

For scientifically trained young … foreigners on short-term visas.

Tech firms are looking to hire now. Smith, BusinessNewsDaily Senior Writer, 11-15-2010 (Ned, “Tech Sector Will Lead Way in Hiring”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Almost half of technology firms … recover by the end of 2011.

Cap filled this month Musillo, immigration lawyer, 1-3-2011 (Chris, “H-1B Cap To Be Reached”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

With the H-1B cap nearly reached, MU …H-1B number grows closer to 65,000.

Demand is inevitable Businessworld 2009 (“Protectionist Attitudes”, 2-27, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Despite all these difficulties, … in certain areas of technology.

=2AC's=

Europe DA
Xenophobia is deterring immigrants-modeling US policy key. Theil, Newsweek's European economics editor, 2010 (Stefan, “Europe’s Big Choice”, 2-19, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

In the last few months, AND, xenophobic, and resigned to decline.

No impact to NATO collapse Conry, foreign policy analyst at the Cato Institute, 1995 (Barbara, “The Western European Union As NATO's Successor”, September 18, 1995, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

It is inaccurate to suggestAND and, indirectly, American interests.

Europe will model the plan key to attracting immigrants. Doomernik, University of Amsterdam Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, 2009 (Jeroen, “THE BATTLE FOR THE BRAINS WHY IMMIGRATION POLICY IS NOT ENOUGH TO ATTRACT THE HIGHLY SKILLED”, 3-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Selective migration policies are AND system as well as the U.S. temporary H1-B visa for high-skilled workers.

Xenophobia makes EU brain drain inevitable. Doomernik, University of Amsterdam Institute for Migration and Ethnic Studies, 2009 (Jeroen, “THE BATTLE FOR THE BRAINS WHY IMMIGRATION POLICY IS NOT ENOUGH TO ATTRACT THE HIGHLY SKILLED”, 3-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

In some instances, Islam is singled out in AND be a considerable disadvantage in situations where the migrant is not the one asking for favors.

European economy is devastated now Gonzalez, former Prime Minister of Spain, 1-7-2011 [Felipe, NY Times, www.nytimes.com/2011/01/08/opinion/08iht-edgonzales08.html?_r=1, accessed 1-7-11, mss]

Three years after the onset of the most serious AND borderless internal market that shares a single currency is untenable.

Labor Union
Try or die- economic decline dooms labor Newsweek, 2009 ["The Future of the American Worker," 2-6-2009, www.newsweek.com/2009/06/02/the-future-of-the-american-worker.html, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

Is this the end of AND more, layoffs to come.

Corporate influence inevitable, but voluntary rational restraint by corporations prevent the impact Schmitt, The American Prospect executive editor, 3-15-2010 [Mark, American political scientist and author, American Prospect, "Citizens Restarted," April 2010, published 3-15-2010, accessed 3-22-2010, mss]

Obama was overstating AND corporations will do, is unlikely. It's hard to take out an incumbent, and to try and fail is dangerous.

Unions doomed now- worker-values and societal environment Wald, Bureau of Labor Statistics, Atlanta region, 2003 [Michael, "Union's future in America," June, findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1153/is_6_126/ai_107397288/?tag=content;col1, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

More importantly, in the first chapter of the book AND relevant to people where work itself may not be central to their life or their identity.

Even if Union membership stays strong, they are effectively doomed and can’t solve the impact Alternet, 2008 ["The Future of Work: Where the Labor Movement Is Heading," 9-1-8, www.alternet.org/economy/96979/the_future_of_work:_where_the_labor_movement_is_heading/, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

The truth is that conventional trade unionism is pretty AND staffing strategies that characterize contemporary capitalism and undermine organized labor.

That’s worse for unions Millard, 2-11-2004 [Elizabeth, "Time for a High-Tech Union?" www.ecommercetimes.com/story/32823.html?wlc=1286051081, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

When the Washington Alliance of AND, no one is laughing anymore.

No internal link- there’s no high-tech unions anyway- A. Perception and personalities block Millard, 2-11-2004 [Elizabeth, "Time for a High-Tech Union?" www.ecommercetimes.com/story/32823.html?wlc=1286051081, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

Perception Problem To succeed, however, tech unions will have to AND could convince tech workers they really want," he said.

Unions are unnecessary- laws and class action litigation solves- high-tech industry proves Tobak, consultant and writer, 10-14-2009 [Steve, "Do We Need Labor Unions Anymore?," www.bnet.com/blog/ceo/do-we-need-labor-unions-anymore/3022, accessed 10-2-10, mss]

The other day I was watching a debate on CNBC starring a senior labor AND that more Americans said unions hurt rather than help the economy.

Neoliberalism
1. Plan causes globalization from below-solves poverty. Paul Kennedy, Sociology Prof @ Manchester Metropolitan U, & Victor Roudometof, Sociology Prof @ Washington and Lee U, ‘1, Community Across Borders under Globalising Conditions: New Immigrants and Transnational Cultures,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[]

Indeed, membership and participation in AND as cementing cultural ties built around family networks spread across a number of nations.

3. Expanding the public-sphere to non-citizens creates a civil-society that solves global problems Benhabiba, Yale political science professor, 2007 (Seyla, “Twilight of Sovereignty or the Emergence of Cosmopolitan Norms? Rethinking Citizenship in Volatile Times”, Citizenship Studies; Feb2007, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p19-36, ebsco, ldg)

We need transparent and AND response to the contemporary crisis of sovereignty.12

5. Transnationalization solves the worst forms of capitalism. Benhabiba, Yale political science professor, 2007 (Seyla, “Twilight of Sovereignty or the Emergence of Cosmopolitan Norms? Rethinking Citizenship in Volatile Times”, Citizenship Studies; Feb2007, Vol. 11 Issue 1, p19-36, ebsco, ldg)

The boundaries of the political have shifted AND new configurations of popular sovereignty.

7. Minority diaspora creates a different brand of capitalism that confronts Western hegemony and exploitation Subramanian, Harvard anthropology professor, 2000 (Ajantha, “Indians in North Carolina: Race, Class, and Culture in the Making of Immigrant Identity”, Comparative Studies of South Asia, Africa and the Middle East 20.1 (2000) 105-114, Project Muse, ldg)

What do the experiences of North Carolina's AND necessary vehicle of social mobility and capitalist success.

8. Alternative will get co-opted Vincent, PhD candidate in American studies at the University of Illinois, 2006 (Jonathan, “A Call to Arms in a Repressive Atmosphere of Educational Acquiescence” Pedagogy 6.1, project muse, ldg)

The most cursory familiarity of republican AND neoliberal philosophies of the state.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; line-height: 19px; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Caribbean CP/DA**
CP violates US market access commitments under GATS leads to trade retaliation and destroys trade leadership Anderson, executive director of the National Foundation for American Policy, 2010 (Stuart, “Trade And Immigration Are Not Separate Issues”, 6-30, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) The legal analysis took no position on whether such AND the complainant may seek authority to retaliate against the other party. 2. Perm do both-Green card quotas prove the distinction between overall and internal caps NFAP 2009 (“EMPLOYMENT BASED GREEN CARD PROJECTIONS POINT TO DECADE LONG WAITS”, 11-17, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) To remain in the United States on a permanent basis, AND longer than people from smaller countries.3 No impact- bioweapons are ineffective- even if they weren’t their record of failure deters their use Stratfor, 2007 ["Bioterrorism: Sudden Death Overtime?" 12-22-2007, www.lebanonwire.com/0712MLN/07122212STR.asp, accessed 12-25-10, mss] First, it must be recognized that during the past AND The cost is higher than the benefit. Caribbean economies are on track for no growth. Jamaica Observer 2010 (“Caribbean economies must do better”, 10-22, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) Speaking at the launch of the Regional Economic Outlook, AND , Caribbean countries make up 15 of them. Institutional weakness prevents a knowledge economy. Jamaica Observer 2010 (“Caribbean economies must do better”, 10-22, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) The growth problem is not endemic AND dare not enter (such as Tivoli Gardens. Caribbean students don’t like math and science Griffith, Bucknell economics professor, 2005 (Winston, “Can Caribbean education attract knowledge-based foreign direct investment?”, Journal of Economic Issues, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] , ldg) It may be no exaggeration to say that AND , or about 6.2 percent of the student body. Can’t produce enough skilled workers now Victor, former insurance advisor from the Caribbean, 12-9-2010 (Darrell, “Factors that negatively impact Caribbean development”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) Under colonial rule, AND 'culture of dependency'. Remittances key Patterson, former prime minister of Jamaica, 2010 (P.J., “Migration And Development In The Commonwealth”, 10-31, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg) Remittances received by developing AND small-business development, and pension schemes. Brain drain creates incentives for education investment in home countries Teson, Tobias Simon Eminent Scholar, Florida State University College of Law, 2008 (Fernando, “2008 EDITORS' SYMPOSIUM: BRAIN DRAIN”, 45 San Diego L. Rev. 899, Fall, lexis, ldg) This traditional view has been challenged by a number AND to source countries is as devastating or univocal as had been earlier assumed. Brain drain causes business ties, investments, cross-cultural understanding and technology diffusion. Saxenian, Dean and Professor in the School of Information UC Berkeley, 2005 (AnnaLee, “From Brain Drain to Brain Circulation: Transnational Communities and Regional Upgrading in India and China.”, Studies in Comparative International Development; Summer2005, Vol. 40 Issue 2, p35-61, ebsco, ldg) Global labor markets are being AND policymakers in their home countries.

Commission CP
CP links to politics Anderson, Executive Director, National Foundation for American Policy, 2010 (Stuart, “Regaining America’s Competitive Advantage: Making our Immigration System Work”, 8-4, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

One argument offered for a AND body of bureaucratic officials.

Congress will not implement commission recommendations- history proves ACIP, 2009 [American Council on International Personnell, "Examining Proposals to Create a New Commission on Employment-Based Immigration," 6-18-9, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] Commission Paper Final.pdf, accessed 9-12-10, mss]

The legal authority of these commissionsAND but ultimately rejected by Congress in 1996.

CP hurts business predictability. ACIP, 2009 (American Council on International Personnell, "Examining Proposals to Create a New Commission on Employment-Based Immigration," 6-18-9, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|http://www.immigrationworksusa.org/uploaded/file/ACIP Commission Paper Final.pdf], ldg)

Employers would see the most AND require in a given year.

Congress will overrule. It provides them an opportunity to claim that they are fixing a problem McCubbins, UC San Diego political science professor, 1999 (Matthew, “Abdication or Delegation? Congress, the Bureaucracy, and the Delegation Dilemma,” Regulation, Volume 22, No. 2, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] , ldg)

Fire-alarm oversight has several AND call on members of Congress to intervene.

Rule fluctuation crushes predictability Rodriguez, NYU law professor, 2010 (Cristina, “Constraint Through Delegation: The Case of Executive Control Over Immigration Policy”, July, online pdf, ldg)

Predictability, on the other hand, requires avoiding AND which in turn helps secure public acceptance of immigration.19

Predictability and permanency is key to immigrants Somerville et al., Senior Policy Analyst at MPI, 2009 (Will, “Talent in the 21st-Century Economy”, 8-4, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.migrationpolicy.org/transatlantic/Talent.pdf], ldg)

The first element, that of clear, fair, AND value is irrespective of the individual immigrant’s ultimate decision about settlement and citizenship.

No education benefits- their counterplan ignores critical process details ACIP, 2009 [American Council on International Personnel, "Examining Proposals to Create a New Commission on Employment-Based Immigration," 6-18-9, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] Commission Paper Final.pdf, accessed 9-12-10, mss]

Both proposals leave many questions AND employer-sponsored temporary visa or green card.

AND- There’s no historical precedent ACIP, 2009 [American Council on International Personnel, "Examining Proposals to Create a New Commission on Employment-Based Immigration," 6-18-9, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] Commission Paper Final.pdf, accessed 9-12-10, mss]

Proponents of a commission AND to block such recommendations.

Global experience proves ACIP, 2009 [American Council on International Personnel, "Examining Proposals to Create a New Commission on Employment-Based Immigration," 6-18-9, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] Commission Paper Final.pdf, accessed 9-12-10, mss]

If one looks at a few of the commissions on AND reality, resulting in on-going dialogue and revisions.

Parole CP
Visa availability is key-shortages deter people from coming Wexler, partner with the immigration law firm of Fragomen, Del Rey, Bernsen & Loewy, LLP, 2008 (Mitchell, “ A NEW YEAR AND THE OLD DEBATE: HAS IMMIGRATION REFORM REFORMED ANYTHING?: ARTICLE: Policy Goal of Immigration Reform - Our Nation's Best Interest”, 13 Nexus J. Op. 45, lexis, ldg)

In addition, while U.S. universities are some AND attend school because of visa delay or denial. n28

Unpopular XOs spark congressional backlash Risen, managing editor of Democracy: A Journal of Ideas, 2004 (Clay, “The Power of the Pen”, 7-16, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

The most effective check on executive orders has AND indelibly as an anti-environmental president.

Turn—counterplan causes Obama to concede E-Verify Lawrence, founder and managing director of Puentes & Associates, Inc, 2010 (Stewart, “Immigration: the case for executive orders”, 9-2, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

As the nation's chief executive, AND They'd be hardpressed to oppose the president for taking up their cause.

E-Verify collapses the economy Hull, Providence Economic Policy Examiner, 2010 (Brian, “E-Verify was a bad idea two years ago, and it’s just as bad now”, The Examiner, 6-1, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

This E-Verify bill would encourage AND worse because no one in the state actually looks at data.

Cap triggers business uncertainty-don’t know when it will be filled. Aspan, Past-President of the ­Federal Bar Association, New Jersey Chapter, 2010 (Moses, “U.S. Businesses Panic As the H-1B Progam Deadline Approaches”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

As if the U.S. business community AND best option to ensure that H-1B hiring needs can be met for the coming fiscal year.

Uncertainty leads to cash hording Park, CNBC News Associate, 2010 (JeeYeon, “Biggest Problem? Uncertainty Causing Cash Hoarding: Strategist”, 8-20, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

In the meantime, Browne said he sees several challenges AND "They’ve got trillions of dollars on the sidelines, which shows fear.”

Cash hoarding triggers deflationary spiral Lounsbury, Fouding Partner at EconIntersect.com, 2010 (John, “Balance Sheet Lies, Bond Bubbles, Misuse of Debt and Hidden Risks” 8-5, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

This section title is the same AND been felt on Wall Street.

CP is unpredictable for businesses. Rodriguez, NYU law professor, 2010 (Cristina, “Constraint Through Delegation: The Case of Executive Control Over Immigration Policy”, July, online pdf, ldg)

The fact that an executive agency AND the balance in response to policy outcomes.

Low visa caps deter foreigners from coming Herman, lawyer in Cleveland, 2007 (Richard, "Rust Belt 2.0: Immigration Initiative," Burgh Diaspora, 12-27, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Many high skill immigrants are leaving the U.S. period, AND provide necessary talent to a struggling region.

EB CP
1. Green cards can’t retain foreign graduates Hoffman, Oracle Group, 2007 (Robert, “Does Silicon Valley Need More Visas for Foreigners?”, 3-19, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

It is impractical to reform the green card program AND U.S. higher education leadership, and why they strongly support the reforms we are seeking in the H-1B and green card programs.

2. Key to the economy Traven, JD Capital University, 2006 (Michael, “COMMENT: RESTRICTING INNOVATION: HOW RESTRICTIVE U.S. VISA POLICIES HAVE THE POTENTIAL TO DEPLETE OUR INNOVATIVE ECONOMY”, Summer, 34 Cap. U.L. Rev. 693, lexis, ldg)

Innovations from foreigners have been AND of international [*700] students to our country goes well beyond the revenue that they can generate.

3. Green cards can’t attract foreign talent Kirkegaard, research fellow at Peterson Institute, 2007 (Jacob, “A Reform Package”, 12-4, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Green Cards Keep High-Skilled Foreigners in the United States, AND attract “the best and the brightest” to the United States.

4. Green cards are too slow Anderson, Executive Director NFAP, 2006 (Stuart, “Should Congress Raise the H-1B Cap?”, 3-30, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Since long regulatory delays and inadequate AND bring with them substantial human capital that America essentially receives without cost.

5. H1B fees are key to prevent drug trafficking States News Service 2010 (“HARRY TEAGUE HOSTS BRIEFING ON EMERGENCY BORDER SECURITY FUNDING FOR NEW MEXICO”, 8-18, lexis, ldg)

“Now that this critical funding has been signed into law, AND more than 50 percent of their employees on H-1B visas.

6. Solves terror Placido, Assistant Administrator for Intelligence United States Drug Enforcement Administration, 2010 (Anthony, “TRANSNATIONAL DRUG ENTERPRISES (PART II): THREATS TO GLOBAL STABILITY AND U.S. POLICY RESPONSES”, 3-3, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Perhaps the most prescient example of the relationship between AND The consequences of drug trafficking have never been higher for the international community.

7. Nuclear war Mohamed Sid-Ahmed, Al-Ahram Weekly political analyst, ‘04 [Al-Ahram Weekly, "Extinction!" 8/26, no. 705, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[] ]

What would be the consequences of a nuclear attack AND planet, we will all be losers.

KORUS
Won’t Pass – Republicans will link it to Columbia – kills the deal Politico 12-14-2010 (“GOP Tactic threatens South Korea trade pact”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Republican congressional leaders say they will AND, pro-business initiative Obama will pursue in 2011 with the House in Republican hands.

SK won’t pass Yonhap 12-5-2010 (“S. Korea-U.S. FTA likely to gather steam for parliamentary approvals”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

But the local political situation is not AND in the 299-seat single-chamber house.

Obama’s agenda is doomed. Allen, Politico congressional correspondent, 12-25-2010 [Jonathan, "Incoming Congress girds for warfare," Politico, hamptonroads.com/2010/12/incoming-congress-girds-warfare?cid=ltst, accessed 1-1-11, mss]

All the momentum President Barack Obama picked up AND are making clear they will fight him every step of the way.

Social and political development and economic integration Hugh White, Australian National University strategic studies professor, 2008 (“Why War in Asia Remains Thinkable”, Survival, vol. 50 no. 6, Ebsco) RKB

Meanwhile, most countries in the AND is indeed hard to imagine.

Empirically, heg doesn’t solve conflict Hachigan and Sutphen 2008 (Nina and Monica, Stanford Center for International Security, The Next American Century, p. 168-9, ldg)

In practice, the strategy of primacy failed AND question why China is modernizing its military. Public likes high skilled workers Dizikes, MIT News Office, 2010 (Peter, “Understanding anti-immigrant sentiment”, 2-19, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Conventional wisdom holds that American attitudes AND difficult to change with policy tools.”

Key to the agenda Spitzer, SUNY political science professor, 1993 (Robert, University of New York, “President and Congress: Executive Hegemony at the Crossroads of American Government”, ldg)

An important empirical study of the relationshipAND component in maintaining public support.”

Winner win. Singer, MyDD editor, 3-3-2009 [Jonathan, "By Expending Capital, Obama Grows His Capital," My Direct Democracy, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-11-9, mss]

From the latest NBC News-Wall Street Journal survey: AND opposition of the Republicans on Capitol Hill, and is being rewarded by the American public as a result.

Plan is bipart Barone, resident fellow at AEI, 2010 (Michael, “Immigration Reform: The New Third Rail”, 4-16, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Mr. Bush's absence may also be a source of regret for Republicans. AND each party faces from this emotion-laden issue.

H1-B Exploitation K
Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences Isaac, political science professor Indiana University, 2002 (Jeffrey, “Ends, Means, and Politics, Dissent Magazine, Spring 2002, ldg)

Power is not a dirty word or an unfortunate AND true believers. It promotes arrogance. And it undermines political effectiveness.

Claims of H1B exploitation fuel a nationalist backlash and immigrant scapegoating – the negative upholds dangerous Orientalist stereotypes – turns the kritik Chakravartty, Amherst communications professor, 2006 (Paula, “Symbolic Analysts or Indentured Servants? Indian High-Tech Migrants in America's Information Economy”, 8-22, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

The above quote from the organization "AND firms over workers, both American and Indian.

H-1B’s are portable now Sigel, associate in the Labor and Employment Practice Group of Drinker Biddle & Shanley LLP, 2001 (Benjamin, “Portability of H-1B Visas Means a New Frontier for U.S. Employers”, 8-28, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

Until recently, it was virtually impossible AND employers and H-1B employees alike.

Visa availability is a bigger link than processing in solving backlogs IMO 2006 (International Migration Outlook, “Managing Migration – Are Quotas and Numerical Limits the Solution?”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; padding-right: 10px;">[], ldg)

In any such system in which numerical limits AND, it would take a minimum of two to three years at current immigrant admission levels before a green card could be awarded to persons in this group