Mary+Washington+PS+(Tom+Pacheco+and+Peter+Susko)+Aff

toc

= = =**Districts** =

==**Round Two v. Pitt KS** ==

**1ac**
Plan: The United States federal government should lift the cap on H-1B visas.

RTAs are coming and make conclusion of Doha harder – the only way to ensure WTO credibility is to conclude Doha by the end of the year. Conclusion of Doha is dependent on wider market access from the developing world, the plan gets that concession. Miller, WSJ, 1-31 -11 [John, “Trade Keeps Growing, Despite Stalled Global Talks” [], accessed 2-1-11, TP]

 Global trade has doubled and bilateral AND .S. over airplane subsidies.

Service negotiations are key to United States trade leadership – solves multilateralism. Baldwin, former panel member of experts to advise the Director-General of the WTO on the Doha round, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Robert E., 5/17/2010, “The world trading system without American leadership,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-11-10, WHS]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">By remaining on the sidelines of AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and non-ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">goods.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Multilateralism solves an coming great power war. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Dyer, University of London Military History PhD, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Gwynne, 12/30/4, "The end of war," Toronto Star, l/n [accessed 8/15/10])

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> War is deeply embedded in our AND context of the existing state system.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Services are key to make India, China, and others commit <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Banerjee, The Financial Express, 10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Ronojoy, 8-18-10, “India, China want services on par with agri goods at WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> In a radical shift in policy AND not enough anymore,” he added. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> They spillover to other negotiations <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Betts, Oxford IR research fellow, and Nicolaidis, Oxford European Studies Center Director, 2009 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">multilateral negotiations on Mode IV AND agrinama and the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">other GATS modes. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Raising the cap on H-1Bs would be a concession to India and others, moving negotiations forward. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Betts and Nicolaidis, 9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10])

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">For a country like India, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to justify  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">wider  market access <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">concessions. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The economic benefits of labor migration garner support to resolve Doha. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Broude, Hebrew University of Jerusalem <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Law and IR Professor, 7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The potential benefits of increased international AND (Charlton and Stiglitz, 2004).

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Fragmentation of the trade order empirically causes conflict that escalate globally <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cho, Assistant Law Professor Chicago-Kent, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Sungjoon, Illinois Institute of Technology "Doha's Development," 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Second, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the mercantilist nature of AND errors and are punished for them.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Globalization is inevitable, but institutions like the WTO are key to check bullying of developing countries – the alternative is marginalization of the global South <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Legrain, WTO Director General Special adviser, December <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2K <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Philippe, "Should the WTO be Abolished," http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_9_30/ai_68742882/print]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A convincing case for the WTO's AND than their counterparts 30 years ago. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">WTO credibility solves conflict escalation – countries will take disputes there instead of going to war with one another <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Lawrence, Harvard JFK Government School <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">International Trade and Investment Professor , National Economic Research Bureau Research Associate, Former President's Council of Economic Advisers (1998-2000), Former Brookings Institutions Senior Fellow, March 200 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Robert, "The United States and the WTO Dispute Settlement System," Council on Foreign Relations]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The WTO provides more benefits to AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a whole could be severely <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">damaged.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Contention 2 – Cyber terror <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">** The US is vulnerable to an attack because of a shortage of qualified workers – funding and training are insufficient. ** <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">NPR, 20<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|Tom Gjelten] July 19th “Cyberwarrior Shortage Threatens U.S. Security” Accessed 9/21/10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There may be no country on AND to system failures and malicious acts ."

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">There are thousands of attacks every hour it is only a matter of time <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Times Online, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[September 8, 2007 China’s cyber army is preparing to march on America, says Pentagon Accessed 5/8/09 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">After the attacks, computer security AND aggressive in this,” he said. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A successful cyber attack would cause an economic disaster <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Posner, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">University of Chicago Law Senior Lecturer, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Richard, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, pg 85-86 JCP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> "<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">More than 800,AND could trigger a major economic depression . <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Economic collapse leads to global war. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Lind  **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">, New America Foundation **** Economic <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Growth Program Policy Director  **, 5/11/20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> If history is any guide, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">is all <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">too easy to imagine. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Miscalculation goes nuclear <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Coleman, Technology Management Consultant, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Kevin, November, “Department of Cyber Defense: An organization who’s time has come!,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 11-5-10, WHS]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Each and every day there AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">use of weapons of mass destruction! <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> A cyberattack on the nation’s power grid is possible and it would shut down the electrical grid <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Smith, Worldwide Writer, 3 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Charles R., “Cyber Terror” Tuesday Aug 19 2003 http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/8/19/121729.shtml)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Al-Qaeda sources announced that AND **__that operate your electric power do.__**

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Power Grid Shutdown would lead to 100 chernobyl-scale nuclear meltdowns <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, Nuclear Policy Research Institute president, 5 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Helen, “Nuclear-war threat still very real” Interview with Martin Sieff, 18 May 2005, lexis)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There are 103 nuclear power plants AND many Chernobyls all over the place.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> A single nuclear meltdown would instantly kill thousands of people and many more would die from the after-effects <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, 94 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Helen, __Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do__, pg 63)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**__The nuclear power accident that poses AND__**, but they **__<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">will surely <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">occur __**.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> And, meltdowns cause extinction <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, 94 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Helen, __Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do__, pg 21-22)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">As a physician, I contend AND the world’s pro-nuclear policies.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Money is insufficient, H1Bs key to solve cyber security threats- they bring workers and innovators. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Piper, Washington Internet Daily, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Greg, Washington Internet Daily Staff Writer, October 21, “Ex-Officials Tell Entrepreneurs How to Pitch Cybersecurity to Feds,” WASHINGTON INTERNET DAILY Vol. 10 No. 202 JCP] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Companies providing cybersecurity solutions will be AND Lt. General //Minihan// (retired)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Contention three: Obamacare

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Status quo medical worker shortage is collapsing the healthcare sector <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Sieff, staff writer, 8-4 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Jessica, writer for the Niles Daily Star, “As Workforce Ages, Health care Jobs in Demand, 8-4-10,  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">And <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">in Michigan, as well AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">safer health care  ,” she said.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Shortage collapses the healthcare sector <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cohn, Baltimore sun, 8-9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Meredith, “Workforce Training Grant Money Comes to MD,” 8-9-10,  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Anticipating <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">increasing shortages of health care AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">reforming the nation’s health care system  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.”

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A Bioterror attack is inevitable by 2013. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Fox News, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[“Nuclear or Bioterror Attack on U.S. Likely by 2013, Panel Warns” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], 12-2, accessed 10-28-10, TP] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Terrorists are likely to attack the AND, and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">could easily be compromised.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Healthcare is the only way response to a bioterror attack. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Sklar, contributor to The Nation, 2002 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Holly, extensive author and political analyst, “Rolling the Dice on Our Nation's Health” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], 12-19, accessed 10-28-10, TP] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Imagine if the first people infected AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">our readiness for any <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">bioterror  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> attack.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bioterror risks extinction. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Ochs, Chemical Weapons Working Group member, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Richard, Former Aberdeen Proving Ground Superfund Citizens Coalition president, member of the Depleted Uranium Task force of the Military Toxics Project, “Biological Weapons Must Be Abolished Immediately” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] , accessed 10-28-10, TP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Of all the weapons of mass AND ? Human <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">extinction <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> is now possible.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** 2ac AT: Jackson Vanik DA ** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No uniqueness scenario – no WTO deal now, no Congressional deal now – proves others things will intervene between plan and the internal link <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Inside U.S. Trade, 1-28-11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[“BRADY, DREIER SIGNAL TRADE, HUMAN RIGHTS TO BE PART OF RUSSIA MFN DEBATE”, Vol. 29 No. 4, Lexis, AFB]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Business representatives are pressing Congress to AND full benefits of Russia's accession commitments.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No uniqueness or internal link scenario – Russian trade not on the radar because no deal yet <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Inside U.S. Trade, 1-28-11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[“BRADY, DREIER SIGNAL TRADE, HUMAN RIGHTS TO BE PART OF RUSSIA MFN DEBATE”, Vol. 29 No. 4, Lexis, AFB]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> A House aide said Dreier supports AND begin to organize a lobbying effort.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Immigration debate coming – STAPLE act <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The State Column, 2-1-11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(“Congressman Flake Reintroduces the STAPLE Act,” http://www.thestatecolumn.com/state_politics/arizona/congressman-flake-reintroduces-the-staple-act/, accessed 2-3-11, CMM)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Republican Congressman Jeff <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Flake, who AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">after they’ve graduated ,” said Flake.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Obama already focusing on H-1Bs <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Thibodeau, Computerworld, 1-27-11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Patrick, “Rep. Flake re-introduces bill to 'staple' green cards to Ph.D. diplomas” <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-28-11, TP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Obama opened the door to HAND raising the H-1B cap.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tech lobbies like the plan – they’re key to the agenda <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Matloff, professor of Computer Science at UC Davis, 2 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Norman, “Debunking the Myth of a Desperate Software Labor Shortage,” Testimony to the US House Judiciary Committee on Immigration, 12-9-02,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-11-10) PM <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> high-tech industry <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">wields <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  supporting the H-1B increase.)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Obama won’t be tied to the plan but if he is it will boost is capital – the plan allows him to boost leadership rhetoric <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Rich, NYT Op-Ed Columnist, 1-8-<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Frank, “Let Obama’s Reagan Revolution Begin,” http://www.nytimes.com/2011/01/09/opinion/09rich.html, accessed 1-29-11, CMM)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">BARACK <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">OBAMA’S Christmas <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">resurrection was so <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: lime; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND resurrection could be over by Easter.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Development K (Escobar-ish)** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 3. Don’t let them get away with their generic K – The neg needs to disprove the factual claims of the 1AC <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Yudowsky, Singularity Institute for AI Research Fellow and Director, 06 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Eliezer, 8/31/2006, Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risk, http://www.singinst.org/ourresearch/publications/cognitive-biases.pdf] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Every true idea which discomforts you will seem to match the pattern of at least one psychological error. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Robert Pirsig said: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">"The AND take your eye off the ball.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Our empirics overwhelm their links - acting on the truth claims of the 1ac is key to prevent destructive ideologies like Nazism <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Norris, University Wales-Cardiff Philosophy Professor, 1996 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Christopher, Prof. Phil. – U. Wales-Cardiff, “Reclaiming Truth: Contributions to a Critique of Cultural Relativism”, p. 60-62)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Hence-most recently-his AND sphere of reasoned and principled debate. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Sovereignty and biopower don’t escalate to mass murder- democratic political context prevents deployment for genocide- Nazism was the product of a particular juridical arrangement that doesn’t apply <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Dickinson, U.C. Berkeley Associate History Professor, ‘04 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Edward Ross, “Biopolitics, Fascism, Democracy: Some Reflections on Our Discourse About ‘Modernity’,” //Central European History//, vol. 37 no. 1, pg 1-48] <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">We may draw some brief conclusions AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the Nazis. The Nazis were.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Isaac , Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200  2 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Power is not a dirty word AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">. And it <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">undermines political effectiveness.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Prefer our scenario – peace is distinct from justice – war sustains oppression, and peace is a prerequisite to justice – their scenarios of everyday violence will not escalate to war <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Joshua Goldstein , American University International Relations Professor, 20  01  , “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> I began this book hoping to AND war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">seems to be <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">empirically inadequate.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995  (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Moreover, mere cultural redeployment in AND something more like a human home.”

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Egypt Instability** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Military governance dooms stability <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Grunstein, World Politics Review Editor-in-Chief, 1-31 , 20  11  , <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Judah, “Egypt, Afghanistan and Failed States”, World Politics Review, PAS) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] 2-2-11

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">American policy planners for Afghanistan would AND army, is by definition unstable.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mubarak inefficiency sparked instability <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Friedman, 1-30 , 20  11  , <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(George, “The Egypt Crisis in a Global Context: A Special Report”, Strafor, PAS) Accessed on Stratfor 2-2-11

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> It is not a t all clear AND what they wanted is the issue.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Small Farms** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No impact. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mark <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Sagoff, U. Maryland School of Public Affairs Institute for Philosophy and Public policy Senior Research Scholar <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">March 19 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">97, William and Mary Law Review, “INSTITUTE OF BILL OF RIGHTS LAW SYMPOSIUM DEFINING TAKINGS: PRIVATE PROPERTY AND THE FUTURE OF GOVERNMENT REGULATION: MUDDLE OR MUDDLE THROUGH? TAKINGS JURISPRUDENCE MEETS THE ENDANGERED SPECIES ACT”, 38 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 825, Lexis <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Although one may agree with ecologists AND most valuable things are quite useless.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Ag Cuts Good Add-On - Warming** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Doha and Ag subsidy cuts solve warming – boost investment and tech transfer. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Nash, World Bank lead economist, 2009 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[John, 5-18-09, “Agricultural trade, global warming, and development: Part 1 Can global warming thaw the Doha negotiations?” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-18-11, TP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">As we approach a critical phase AND meet the rich countries’ mitigation obligations.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Extinction <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Tickell 8 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Oliver, Climate Researcher. The Gaurdian, 11 Aug. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">We need to get prepared for AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

==<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round Three v. Navy BN** ==

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Same 1ac as above.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Terror DA** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Plan solves better – sends a perception to the international community of openness that undermines terror motives <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Graham, 4 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Chadwick. WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART I OF II: STUDENT NOTE: Defeating an Invisible Enemy: The Western Superpowers' Efforts to Combat Terrorism by Fighting Illegal Immigration. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems. 14 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. 281. LN)

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Although <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the U nited<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> S tates and AND a key to detecting known terrorists. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> 6. Plan overcomes signals that make terrorists want to attack – that means terror is inevitable in the status quo <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">  Johnson 7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Kevin. Dean for Academic Affairs, School of Law, University of California, Davis. The University of Chicago Legal Forum. Protecting National Security through More Liberal Admission of Immigrants. 2007 U Chi Legal F 157.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">This article contends that, even AND modern <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">migration to the United States. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Canadian border makes terrorism inevitable. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Weaver, Examiner, 2-3-11 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Richard, “Senator Carl Levin calls for better border security – but not with Mexico” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-3-11, TP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The GAO found that only 32 AND States before their September 11 attacks.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">New terror da answer- non-unique and turn- border security is up, but absent h1bs we can’t afford it. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Singh, National University of Singapore Institute of South Asian Studies research fellow, 8-26-10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Sinderpal, “H1B Visa Fee Hike: Will Indo-US Ties be Affected?” kms1.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/.../en/ISAS_Brief_169.pdf, accessed 1-27-11, TP]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">On 12 August 2010, the AND seeking high skilled foreign workers’. 3

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">No risk of nuclear terrorism <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">A. No organizational capacity <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> van den Bergh , Eramus University IR Professor, Hague Social Studies Institute, Harvard Harkness Fellow, Neterlands Association for International Affairs Chairman, Dutch Ministries Foreign Affairs and Defense IR Advisory Council Member, May 200  9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Godfried van Benthem, "The Taming of the Great Nuclear Powers," http://www.carnegieendowment.org/npp/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Recently, a new fear has AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">small, relatively autonomous “ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">cells  .”

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">B. Probability of success is so low that there is also no motive <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> DeGroot , St. Andrews University History Professor, November 200  9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Gerard, "Dismissing Doomsday," http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_11/BookReview, 11/9]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Mueller sees nuclear weapons as a AND and information for bomb-making.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Innovation Counterplan** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">1. Tech growth strong now and will remain so in the future <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Reuters , 20  10  , <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Sinead Carew, “Forrester sees global tech spending rebound in 2010”, 1-12, PAS) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] 10-27-10

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Measured by local currency, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the AND calls Smart Computing ," said Bartels.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">2. US innovation not key - the U.S. is better positioned to profit from these developments <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Princeton University Press, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(8/31/10, The Venturesome Economy:How Innovation Sustains Prosperity in a More Connected World, Amar Bhidé, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; url(http: //www.wikispaces.com/i/a.gif); background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9/11/10) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Many warn that the next stage AND technologies developed in Asia and Europe.

===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac India Relations Add-On - China War Impact** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Visas are key to Indian relations <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Davis, George Mason Public Policy Professor,  20  10  , <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Ted, “ The Global Dynamic of High-Skill Migration: The Case of U.S./India Relations”, draft, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Pg. 17-20) Accessed on Google Scholar 5-19-10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">There is no reason to think AND domestic workers, firms, and countries <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Relations check war with China <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Victor Gobarev   ; Independent Security Analyst  ; September 11,  2K <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Cato Policy Analysis #381; [] ) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">What would such a policy win AND U.S.-Indian cooperation. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Extinction <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Straits Times 2K  (No one gains in war over Taiwan; June 25, lexis) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-align: justify;"> <span style="font-family: Arial,sans-serif;"> <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> The high-intensity scenario postulates <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: initial initial; background-repeat: initial initial;">AND China puts sovereignty above everything else.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">
===<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Doha Add-On - Food Insecurity** ===

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Doha resolution key to global food price instability <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 7-8) PM

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">A key, if underappreciated, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  vulnerable consumers (Wright, 2009).

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Resource wars over food lead to World War 3. <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin, neurophysiologist at U Washington, 1998 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(William H, Theoretical Neurophysiologist Univ of Washington, "The great climate flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly 281(1):47-64, <http://williamcalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm, ACC: 6.28.07> p. online) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The population-crash scenario is AND vulnerability is particularly easy to analyze.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Kentucky** =

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**1ac**
Plan: The United States federal government should lift the cap on H-1B visas.

Contention 1 is Doha

Service negotiations are key to United States leadership on trade by concluding Doha – solves multilateralism. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Baldwin, former panel member of experts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to advise the Director-General of the WTO on the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha round, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [Robert E., 5/17/2010, “The world trading system without American leadership,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-11-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Since the signing of the General AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and non-ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">goods.

Roadblocks in other areas means services have to come first <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Schott, Peterson Institute for International Economics senior fellow, 2010 [Jeffrey J., Member, Trade and Environment Adivsory Committee since 2003, senior fellow in international trade poicy and economic sanctions, State Dept. International Economic Policy Advisory cmte., former GATT negotiator for U.S., 3/12/10, “Finishing Doha: The PIIE Parameters”]

Steve Weisman: You propose that AND big winner in the Doha Round.

They are key to make India, China, and others commit <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Banerjee, The Financial Express, 8-18 [Ronojoy, “India, China want services on par with agri goods at WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

In a radical shift in policy AND not enough anymore,” he added.

They spillover to other negotiations <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts, Oxford IR research fellow, and Nicolaidis, Oxford European Studies Center Director, 2009 [Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10]

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">multilateral negotiations on Mode IV AND agrinama and the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">other GATS modes.

Raising the cap on H-1Bs would be a concession to India and others, moving negotiations forward. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts and Nicolaidis, 9 (Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">For a country like India, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to justify  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">wider  market access <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">concessions.

The economic benefits of labor migration garner developing country support <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Broude, Hebrew University of Jerusalem <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Law and IR Professor, 7 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The potential benefits of increased international AND (Charlton and Stiglitz, 2004).

Services provide political support for developed country ratification <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Schott et al., 9 [Jeffrey, M. Adler, C. Brunel, G. Hufbauer, August, “What’s on the Table? The Doha Round as of August 2009,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-12-10, WHS]

In large measure, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">services have AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to ensure ratification by national legislatures.

Multilateralism solves an coming great power war. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Dyer, University of London Military History PhD, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 (Gwynne, 12/30/4, "The end of war," Toronto Star, l/n [accessed 8/15/10])

War is deeply embedded in our AND context of the existing state system.

Failure at Doha collapses WTO credibility causing trade blocs to spread <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bluestein, journalist at the Brookings Institution's Global Economy and Development Program, 10 [Paul, January/February, “R.I.P, WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">If Doha falls apart, the AND WTO rulings and flouting their commitments.

And 2011 is key opportunity before Doha collapses completely. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">The Telegraph (India), <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">12-28 -10 (“Hint of hope for Doha round,” http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101229/jsp/business/story_13364284.jsp, accessed 12-28-10, CMM)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Trade ministers of key member countries AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">political push, which is contentious.

Fragmentation of the trade order empirically causes conflict that escalate globally <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cho, Assistant Law Professor Chicago-Kent, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 [Sungjoon, Illinois Institute of Technology "Doha's Development," 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165]

Second, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the mercantilist nature of AND errors and are punished for them.

Doha solves climate change Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 1) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha Round <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">must be concluded  AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">implications of climate change  mitigation. »

Extinction Tickell 8 <span style="font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Oliver, Climate Researcher. The Gaurdian, 11 Aug. http://www.guardian.co.uk/commentisfree/2008/aug/11/climatechange) We need to get prepared for AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">us towards a similar hothouse Earth.

Doha solves food security – allows for greater market stability Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 7-8) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">A key, if underappreciated, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  vulnerable consumers (Wright, 2009).

Resource wars over food lead to World War 3. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Calvin, neurophysiologist at U Washington, 1998 (William H, Theoretical Neurophysiologist Univ of Washington, "The great climate flip-flop," The Atlantic Monthly 281(1):47-64, <http://williamcalvin.com/1990s/1998AtlanticClimate.htm, ACC: 6.28.07> p. online)

The population-crash scenario is AND vulnerability is particularly easy to analyze.

This process benefits both migrants and non-migrants alike – it initiates a “globalization from below” that vitiates the worst forms of oppression and discrimination <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Kennedy, Sociology Prof @ Manchester Metroplitan U, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and Roudometof , Sociology Prof @ Washington and Lee U, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">1 [Paul and Victor, “Community Across Borders under Globalising Conditions: New Immigrants and Transnational Cultures,”<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 11-12-10, WHS]

Indeed, membership and participation in AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">spread across a number of nations.

Contention 2 is World Trade

Plan is key to solve Dispute Settlement Board credibility Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 3) PM

Finally, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">there are potentially important AND context of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">food and financial crises.

Globalization is inevitable, but institutions like the WTO are key to check bullying of developing countries – the alternative is marginalization of the global South <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Legrain, WTO Director General Special adviser, December <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2000 [Philippe, "Should the WTO be Abolished," http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_9_30/ai_68742882/print]

A convincing case for the WTO's AND than their counterparts 30 years ago.

DSB credibility solves any reasons why free trade is bad Moore, Former WTO Head, 7/5/20  01 [Michael, " Changes in the multilateral trading system: challenges for the WTO," http://www.wto.org/french/news_f/spmm_f/spmm66_f.htm]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Globalization is not new, and AND resolution through economic or political might.

The WTO is comparatively better than any alternative <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Panitchpakdi, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2/26/20<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">04 [Supachai, former Director-General of the WTO, "To Director General American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?" http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm]

Besides, **__<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">what is the alternative AND __** prosperity, a more just world.

Bad rules are better than no rules – absent the plan, power politics controls global trade and crushes developing countries Shadlen, London School of Economics  Development Studies Institute Political Scientist  , 4/1/200  7 [Kenneth, "Intellectual property, trade, and development: can foes be friends?," factiva]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The benefits of this sort of AND rules may be a useful exercise.

WTO credibility solves conflict escalation – countries will take disputes there instead of going to war with one another <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Lawrence, Harvard JFK Government School <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">International Trade and Investment Professor , National Economic Research Bureau Research Associate, Former President's Council of Economic Advisers (1998-2000), Former Brookings Institutions Senior Fellow, March 200 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">7 [Robert, "The United States and the WTO Dispute Settlement System," Council on Foreign Relations]

The WTO provides more benefits to AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: silver; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a whole could be severely <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: silver; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">damaged.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: White Masks K**
3. Nothing about the aff is assumed – their link arguments assume a quest for competitive gains, not just immigration policy, thus perm do the plan and non-contradictory parts of the alt Combining the plan and the alt allows for flexibility that solves the aff and the K     Broude, Law and IR Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2007 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Mode 4's small impact in practice AND accommodating competing political and philosophical perspectives <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

4. Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200  2 (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty word AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">. And it <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">undermines political effectiveness.

5. Immigration challenges notions of borders – challenges notions of citizenship and creates transnational networks of knowledge-sharing Itzigsohn, sociology professor at Brown, 2K (José, “Immigration and the Boundaries of Citizenship: The Institutions of Immigrants’ Political Transnationalism,” //International Migration Review//, Vol. 34, No. 4, Winter 2000, accessed 11-2-10, JStor) PM

Modern <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">politics and citizenship have been AND   question of immigrant-based transnationalism.

Exclusive focus on methodology is counter-productive – no approach should be rejected on methodological grounds – it is anti-political and ineffective Fearon, Stanford Political Science Professor,  and Wendt  , Ohio State IR Professor, 200  2 [James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, p. 68]

It should be stressed that in AND should continue on all three levels.

Aff impacts outweigh – only risk of escalation. <span style="margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Hinde and Pulkkinnen, Cambridge psychology professor and University of Jyväskylä psychology professor, 2000 <span style="font-size: 10pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0in; margin-top: 0in; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Robert and Lea, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|DRAFT Background Paper for Working Group 1: HUMAN AGGRESSIVENESS AND WAR, 50th Pugwash Conference On Science and World Affairs: "Eliminating the Causes of War" Queens' College, Cambridge, UK, 3-8 August __http://www.pugwash.org/reports/pac/pac256/WG1draft1.htm__] ]

**__People are capable of perpetrating__** the AND the causal factors remain largely unexplored.

Temporary migration creates new notions of citizenship through transnational cultures Adamson, Director International Public Policy Program, University College London, 2007 (Fiona, Assistant Professor of International Relations at University College London. “International Migration and National Security: Maximizing Benefits and Minimizing Risks” Paper Given at the Atlantic Conference, March 22- 24, 2007, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 8/21/10])

The relationship between migration flows and AND facilities, privileges and immunities.” 27

Wise whiteness – the plan forces culture to confront the immigrant other – this creates confrontation solves the impact Sullivan, philosophy professor at Penn State, ‘8 (Shannon, also teaches women’s studies and African American history, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” //Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy//, Vol. 44, No. 2, spring 2008, accessed 11-2-10, Project Muse) PM

In a similar fashion, when AND depoliticizing the meaning of those differences.

The transnational flow of knowledge checks hyper-nationalism and war – we have empirics on our side. Zakaria, Editor of Newsweek, 2009 [Fareed, December, “The Secrets of Stability, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-31-11, TP]

Political and economic stability have each AND. And they know the price. Liberalization of labor exists now, but only the plan can solve global economic disparities by allowing for the free flow of labor Lin, San Jose Peace and Justice Center, 2008 (Sharat G., President of the Coordinating Council at SJP&J Ctr., Contributing Author to Studies in Inequality and Global Justice, specialist in labor migration, 11/14/8, “Free Trade and Distorted Development: A Critique of WTO perspectives”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 9/11/10]) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Lamy apparently <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">brushed off concerns about AND on the welfare of human beings <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

Engaging in theoretical philosophy only meant to persuade those in the room without any call to action outside of it creates a spectator mentality – it undermines all action to end human misery and change political structures David E. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">McClean, New School University Professor, and Society for the Study of Africana Philosophy President, 20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">01  , “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” http://www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion%20papers/david_mcclean.htm

<span style="font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yet for some reason, at AND so-called "managerial class."

It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995 (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93)

Moreover, mere cultural redeployment in AND something more like a human home.”

State action to end structures that perpetuate injustice are critical to end white supremacy – individual action and dialogue is insufficient Jensen, Texas University Journalism Professor, Nowar Collective Founder, 200  5 [Robert, The Heart of Whiteness, p.78-87]

<span style="font-size: 8pt; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">I'm all for diversity and its AND has been true in my life.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Doha Add-on - Heternomormativity**
Globalization queers gender, solves heteronormativity. Manalansan IV, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Asian American Studies] Associate Professor, 2006 [Martin F. Queer intersections: sexuality and gender in migration studies. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; font-size: 13.5pt; padding-right: 10px;">[|International Migration Review] 40.1 (Spring 2006): p224(26). JCP]

Queer studies in particular and sexuality AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">between the local and the global <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Times,serif;">.

Heteronormativity is a form of extermination that underpins oppression. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Tatchell, internationally renowned human rights and political activist, 1989 [Peter, sixth on the New Statesman's "Heroes of our time", May/June, “GAY LIBERATION IS CENTRAL TO HUMAN EMANCIPATION” http:www.petertatchell.net/masculinity/gay%20liberation.htm, accessed 10-3-10, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Lesbian and gay liberation is of AND all forms of oppression and subjugation.

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round 4 v. West Georgia MR**
Same 1ac as against Towson.

<span style="font-size: 16px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Prefer our climate scientists – their studies lack peer review and quals

Davies, geophysicist at ANU, 2008 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Geoff, Author and Geophysicist at the Australian National University, 6/11, Science Alert, “Why listen to scientists?” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|http://www.sciencealert.com.au/opinions/20081106-18474.html] )

The big difference between scientists’ professional AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and irreversible climate change could occur.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> 2ac AT: Affirmative Action Condition CP
CP undermines trade – conditions make credible negotiations impossible Engman, Economist at Science Po., ‘9 (Michael, “Circular Labor Migration and Offshoring of IT Services: What Can Be Done to Remove Unnecessary Trade Barriers?” September 2009, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-15-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Government s impose regulatory <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">restrictions to international AND more trade-restrictive than necessary.

CP causes negotiations to fail – sparks controversy in negotiations that causes Doha collapse – even if they solve short term, the WTO is unsustainable and fails to solve conflict Leebron, Columbia Law School Law Professor, January 200 1 [David, "ARTICLE: Symposium: The Boundaries of the WTO: Linkages," lexis]

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt;">Every linkage potentially <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt;">raises strategic problemsAND  little to stabilize inherently weak regimes.

CP is perceived as politicization – means no countries say yes and undermines trade regime credibility Leebron, Columbia Law School  Law Professor,  January 200  1 [David, "ARTICLE: Symposium: The Boundaries of the WTO: Linkages," lexis]

It is thus not always a n AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">not generally accepted in multilateral contexts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

Doesn’t solve trade – conditioning dooms WTO credibility and makes collapse inevitable Ikenson, CATO Trade Policy Center Associate Director, 7/4/20 07 [Daniel, "Is Trade Liberalization a Product of Domestic or International Processes? Lessons from Doha," http://www.freetrade.org/node/708]

Today we find ourselves at a AND not an all or nothing exercise.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> 2ac AT: "The Wall?"
Too many domestic factors means they don’t want to come Wadhwa et al., 2009 (Vivek, Executive in Residence Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, Senior Research Associate Labor & Worklife Progra m, Harvard Law School; AnnaLee **Saxenian**, Dean and Professor School of Information UC Berkeley; Richard **Freeman**, Herbert Asherman Chair in Economics, Harvard University Director, Labor and Worklife Program, Harvard Law School Director, Labor Studies Program, National Bureau of Economic Research; Gary **Gereffi**, Director, Center on Globalization, Governance and Competitiveness; and Alex **Salkever**, Visisting Researcher, Pratt School of Engineering, Duke University, March 2009, “America’s Loss is the World’s Gain: America’s new Immigrant Entrepreneurs, Part IV” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 8/20/10])
 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">  Plan won’t increase workers –

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Interestingly, the responses to our AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">these persons or draw them back.

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.75in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;"> b. USCIS studies prove <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Fakhoury , Fakhoury Law Group Managing Member and JD Michigan State, 20  10  , (Rami D., “The disappearing H-1B worker: the steep decline in H-1B visa use”, 7-9, International Law Office) <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] 8-15-10)

In 1998 Congress mandated that I mmigration AND of US workers – into doubt.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;"> 2ac AT: Immigration Tropes K
AND, the case turns the K, not the other way around Joshua Goldstein , American University International Relations Professor, 20  01  , “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

I began this book hoping to AND war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">seems to be <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">empirically inadequate.

AND, Perm solves best on temporary migration – we must act while maintaining flexibility Broude, Law and IR Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2007 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Mode 4's small impact in practice AND accommodating competing political and philosophical perspectives <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

AND, we don’t link to their exclusion arguments – selecting high skilled workers is distinct Carens, political science professor at Toronto, ‘3 (Joseph, “Who Should Get In? The Ethics of Immigration Admissions,” //Ethics and International Affairs//, Vol. 17, No. 1, 2003, accessed 1-5-11) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Some people may <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">object to  the AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">for admission will be taken in.

High skilled immigration creates flexible citizenship that allows for increased activism that challenges the state – solves the internal link to extermination Ong, Anthropology professor at Berkeley, ‘6 (Aihwa, “Mutations in Citizenship,” //Theory, Culture, and Society//, 23.2-3, 2006, accessed 1-29-11, SagePub) PM

In contrast to the Euro zoneAND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">demands for democracy by ordinary people.

Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200  2 (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty word AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">. And it <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">undermines political effectiveness.

It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995 (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93)

Moreover, mere cultural redeployment in AND something more like a human home.”

Exclusive focus on methodology is counter-productive – no approach should be rejected on methodological grounds – it is anti-political and ineffective Fearon, Stanford Political Science Professor,  and Wendt  , Ohio State IR Professor, 200  2 [James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, p. 68]

It should be stressed that in AND should continue on all three levels.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**India Relations Add-On - Terrorism**
H-1Bs are key to revitalize Indian relations – it would overturn a precedent of anti-Indian bias in our immigration policy

Endelman and Mehta, Immigration Lawyers, ‘10

(Gary and Cyrus, “Silence in a Time of Torment: Throwing Indian IT Firms Under the Bus,” 8-11-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-7-10) PM

"As both President Obama and AND a leader on the world stage.

US-India cooperation is key to solve terrorism

Ayoob, IR professor at Mich St, 2K

(Mohammed Ayoob  ; Distinguished Professor of International Relations at MSU;  2000  (Washington Quarterly, Winter, p. proquest)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">India and the United States have AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the terrorist threat  emanating from there.

Global nuclear war

Speice, JD Candidate and William and Mary, ‘6

(Patrick F. Speice, Jr., J.D. Candidate at the Marshall-Wythe School of Law at the College of William and Mary and B.A. 2003 from Wake Forest University and former Cathedral Prep debater, 2006  [“Note: Negligence And Nuclear Nonproliferation: Eliminating The Current Liability Barrier To Bilateral U.S.-Russian Nonproliferation Assistance Programs,”//William & Mary Law Review// (47 Wm and Mary L. Rev. 1427), February, Available Online via Lexis-Nexis]

The potential consequences of the unchecked AND to the use of nuclear weapons.

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round 5 v. GMU OO**
<span style="font-size: 14px; line-height: 21px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">**1ac**

Same as most of year - trade and cyber terror.

Plan: The United States federal government should lift the cap on H-1B visas. Contention 1 is Doha

Service negotiations are key to United States leadership on trade by concluding Doha – solves multilateralism. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Baldwin, former panel member of experts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to advise the Director-General of the WTO on the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha round, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [Robert E., 5/17/2010, “The world trading system without American leadership,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-11-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Since the signing of the General AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and non-ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">goods.

Roadblocks in other areas means services have to come first <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Schott, Peterson Institute for International Economics senior fellow, 2010 [Jeffrey J., Member, Trade and Environment Adivsory Committee since 2003, senior fellow in international trade poicy and economic sanctions, State Dept. International Economic Policy Advisory cmte., former GATT negotiator for U.S., 3/12/10, “Finishing Doha: The PIIE Parameters”]

Steve Weisman: You propose that AND big winner in the Doha Round.

They are key to make India, China, and others commit <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Banerjee, The Financial Express, 10 [Ronojoy, 8-18-10, “India, China want services on par with agri goods at WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

In a radical shift in policy AND not enough anymore,” he added.

They spillover to other negotiations <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts, Oxford IR research fellow, and Nicolaidis, Oxford European Studies Center Director, 2009 [Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10]

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">multilateral negotiations on Mode IV AND agrinama and the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">other GATS modes.

Raising the cap on H-1Bs would be a concession to India and others, moving negotiations forward. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts and Nicolaidis, 9 (Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">For a country like India, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to justify  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">wider  market access <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">concessions.

The economic benefits of labor migration garner developing country support <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Broude, Hebrew University of Jerusalem <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Law and IR Professor, 7 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The potential benefits of increased international AND (Charlton and Stiglitz, 2004).

Services provide political support for developed country ratification <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Schott et al., 9 [Jeffrey, M. Adler, C. Brunel, G. Hufbauer, August, “What’s on the Table? The Doha Round as of August 2009,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-12-10, WHS]

In large measure, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">services have AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to ensure ratification by national legislatures.

Multilateralism solves an coming great power war. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Dyer, University of London Military History PhD, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 (Gwynne, 12/30/4, "The end of war," Toronto Star, l/n [accessed 8/15/10])

War is deeply embedded in our AND context of the existing state system.

Failure at Doha collapses WTO credibility causing trade blocs to spread <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bluestein, journalist at the Brookings Institution's Global Economy and Development Program, 10 [Paul, January/February, “R.I.P, WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">If Doha falls apart, the AND WTO rulings and flouting their commitments.

And 2011 is key opportunity before Doha collapses completely. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">The Telegraph (India), <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">12-28 -10 (“Hint of hope for Doha round,” http://www.telegraphindia.com/1101229/jsp/business/story_13364284.jsp, accessed 12-28-10, CMM)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Trade ministers of key member countries AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">political push, which is contentious.

Protectionism makes political rivalries and conflict inevitable – empirics all go aff Stewart <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Patrick <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">, **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">CFR International Institutions Director **** and Senior Fellow, ** 3/13/200 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">9 , "Protecting Free Trade," http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=21084

President Obama has committed to working AND all major developed and developing countries.

Fragmentation of the trade order empirically causes conflict that escalate globally <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cho, Assistant Law Professor Chicago-Kent, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 [Sungjoon, Illinois Institute of Technology "Doha's Development," 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165]

Second, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the mercantilist nature of AND errors and are punished for them.

Globalization is inevitable, but institutions like the WTO are key to check bullying of developing countries – the alternative is marginalization of the global South <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Legrain, WTO Director General Special adviser, December <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2K [Philippe, "Should the WTO be Abolished," http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_9_30/ai_68742882/print]

A convincing case for the WTO's AND than their counterparts 30 years ago.

The WTO is comparatively better than any alternative <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Panitchpakdi, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2/26/20<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">04 [Supachai, former Director-General of the WTO, "To Director General American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative?" http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm]

Besides, **__<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">what is the alternative AND __** prosperity, a more just world.

WTO credibility solves conflict escalation – countries will take disputes there instead of going to war with one another <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Lawrence, Harvard JFK Government School <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">International Trade and Investment Professor , National Economic Research Bureau Research Associate, Former President's Council of Economic Advisers (1998-2000), Former Brookings Institutions Senior Fellow, March 200 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">7 [Robert, "The United States and the WTO Dispute Settlement System," Council on Foreign Relations]

The WTO provides more benefits to AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: silver; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a whole could be severely <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: silver; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">damaged.

Contention One is Cyber terror

** The US is vulnerable to an attack because of a shortage of qualified workers – funding and training are insufficient. **  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">NPR, 20<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Tom Gjelten] July 19th “Cyberwarrior Shortage Threatens U.S. Security” Accessed 9/21/10 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There may be no country on AND to system failures and malicious acts ."

There are thousands of attacks every hour it is only a matter of time <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Times Online, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 [September 8, 2007 China’s cyber army is preparing to march on America, says Pentagon Accessed 5/8/09 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP

After the attacks, computer security AND aggressive in this,” he said.

A successful cyber attack would cause an economic disaster <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Posner, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">University of Chicago Law Senior Lecturer, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 [Richard, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, pg 85-86 JCP]

"<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">More than 800,AND could trigger a major economic depression.

Economic collapse leads to global war. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Lind <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-weight: normal;">, New America Foundation Economic <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Growth Program Policy Director, 5/11/20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv]

If history is any guide, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">is all <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">too easy to imagine.

Miscalculation goes nuclear <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Coleman, Technology Management Consultant, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 [Kevin, November, “Department of Cyber Defense: An organization who’s time has come!,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 11-5-10, WHS]

Each and every day there AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">use of weapons of mass destruction!

A cyberattack would cause nuclear reactor meltdowns <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Smith, Worldwide Writer, 3 (Charles R., “Cyber Terror” Tuesday Aug 19 2003 http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/8/19/121729.shtml)

Al-Qaeda sources announced that AND **__that operate your electric power do.__**

And, meltdowns cause extinction <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Caldicott, 94 (Helen, __Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do__, pg 21-22)

As a physician, I contend AND the world’s pro-nuclear policies.

Money is insufficient, H1Bs key to solve cyber security threats- they bring workers and innovators. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Piper, Washington Internet Daily, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">9 [Greg, Washington Internet Daily Staff Writer, October 21, “Ex-Officials Tell Entrepreneurs How to Pitch Cybersecurity to Feds,” WASHINGTON INTERNET DAILY Vol. 10 No. 202 JCP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Companies providing cybersecurity solutions will be AND Lt. General //Minihan// (retired)

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Trade Resilient/Low**
RTAs coming as a result of a stalled Doha – inevitably dooms multilateralism. Kawai, Asian Development Bank Institute dean and CEO, and Wignaraja, Asian Development Bank office of regional economic integration principal economist, 2-1-11 [Masahiro and Ganeshan, “A closer look at East Asia’s free trade agreements” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-1-11, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Slow progress in global trade talks AND will undermine the multilateral liberalisation process.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Malthus**
Nuclear war results in extinction via nuclear winter Keating, Foreign Policy Web Editor, 11/13/200  9 [Joshua, "The End of the World," http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2009/11/13/the_end_of_the_world?page=full, 11/15]

However, scientists in the 1980s AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">still capable of producing this outcome.

2. Immigration’s never been higher Camarota, Director of Research at the CIS, 9 [Steven A., August, “Immigration, Population, and the Environment: Experts to Debate Impact of Current Policies,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-16-10, WHS]

But that’s not what we’re really AND. environment or the world environment? Current population trends make the link inevitable PR Newswire, 12-21-10 (“New Census Data Reveal Immigration is Fueling Runaway U.S. Population Growth,” http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-census-data-reveal-immigration-is-fueling-runaway-us-population-growth-112277999.html, accessed 12-27-10, CMM)

Today's release of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2010 Census data AND on an unsustainable population growth trajectory. 3. Overconsumption solves the impact—its key to spark new resource innovations Leonard, Salon staff writer, 3/3 /2010 [Andrew, "How overconsumption might save the planet," http://www.salon.com/technology/how_the_world_works/2010/03/03/china_rational_expectations, 3/4]

Does the prospect of a few AND the U.S. market.

5. Overshoot theories are based on flawed, racist science Walter Ewing , Immigration Policy Center Research Associate, 7/28/20  10  , "New Reports Describe the “Green-Washing” of Nativist Hate," http://immigrationimpact.com/2010/07/28/new-reports-describe-the-“green-washing”-of-nativist-hate/, 8/11/10

In a new report, the AND is a siren’s call that serious environmentalists 6. Natural population growth rising and outweighs immigrant-driven growth Betsy Hartmann , Population and Development Program director and Hampshire College development studies professor, July 20  10  , "Greenwash: Nativists, Environmentalism and the Hypocrisy of Hate," http://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publication/Greenwash.pdf, 8/11/10

First, some facts to put AND the beginning of the current recession.

7. Immigration doesn’t increase consumption rates Betsy Hartmann , Population and Development Program director and Hampshire College development studies professor, July 20  10  , "Greenwash: Nativists, Environmentalism and the Hypocrisy of Hate," http://www.splcenter.org/sites/default/files/downloads/publication/Greenwash.pdf, 8/11/10

The argument that it’s better to AND living standards without razing the environment.

US population could literally double before their impacts occur Immigration Daily, 2-4 (“Comment: The Mean Center,” 2-4-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-4-11) PM  The mean center of population is AND destiny as a global population giant.

Biodiversity protection is not an absolute – species population fluctuations inevitable, and adaptation solves Tonn, University of Tennessee political science professor, 7 (Bruce E., 11-7, Futures, “Futures sustainability”, SECTION: Pg. 1097 Vol. 39 No. 9 ISSN: 0016-3287, Lexis)

It should be clear, thoughAND , not the biological status quo.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Feminism K**
5. They’ve got causality backwards – the case turns the K, not the other way around

J. Ann Tickner, University of Southern California Professor, November 20 02 , “Feminist Perspectives of 9/11,” International Studies Perspectives

So, if the story is AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">accounts of war and civlizational clashes.

6. Ceding the political is key – the alt gets coopted and worse forms of gendered practices emerge

Catherine MacKinnon, University of Michigan Law School Elizabeth A. Long Law Professor, 20 05 , “Women’s Lives, Men’s Laws, p. 42-3

There is a legitimate question, AND. Every day of our lives.

AND, Perm solves best on temporary migration – we must act while maintaining flexibility for social justice

Broude, Law and IR Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2007

(Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Mode 4 's small impact in practice<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> AND accommodating competing political and philosophical perspectives <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

8. Don’t let them get away with their generic K – The neg needs to disprove the factual claims of the 1AC

Yudowsky, Singularity Institute for AI Research Fellow and Director, 06

[Eliezer, 8/31/2006, Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risk, http://www.singinst.org/ourresearch/publications/cognitive-biases.pdf]

Every true idea which discomforts you will seem to match the pattern of at least one psychological error.

Robert Pirsig said: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">"The AND take your eye off the ball.

Globalization queers gender, our DOHA advantage turns the K

Manalansan IV, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Asian American Studies] Associate Professor, 2006

[Martin F. Queer intersections: sexuality and gender in migration studies. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; font-size: 13.5pt; padding-right: 10px;">[|International Migration Review] 40.1 (Spring 2006): p224(26). JCP]

Queer studies in particular and sexuality AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">between the local and the global <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: Times,serif;">.

Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences

Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200  2

(Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty word AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">. And it <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">undermines political effectiveness.

1ac - trade and cyber terror, that's above.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Caribbean Brain Drain**
2. Brain drain key to remittances, that’s key to economy Jamaica Observer 11-10 (“High Brain Drain Bolsters Strong Remittances to Jamaica,” 11-10-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-17-10) PM   <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Jamaica currently ranks fifth highest for AND   and also the highest since 2002.

AND, those remittances are key to stability Blossier, Council on Hemispheric Affairs Research Associate, 20  10  , (Felix, “Migradollars and Economic Development: Characterizing the Impact of Remittances on Latin America”, Council on Hemispheric Affairs, 5-6)<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] 6-30-10

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The current global economic crisis <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">, AND the instability factor in the region.

4. Other countries will take the workers inevitably Bush, McLarty & Alden, co-chairmen and director of a Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Immigration Policy, 9 [Jeb, Thomas F., and Edward, 7/21/09, “U.S. Immigration Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations, pg. 15-16, Accessed 8-31-10, WHS] There are new competitors as wellAND the most <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">talented immigrants seeking advancement. Majority of workers come from India – their link is small. Thibodeau, Computerworld, 1-18-11 [Patrick, “GAO, Justice Dept. seek H-1B visa reforms” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-26-11, TP] <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Between 2000 and 2009, the AND and programming, the GAO reported. 5. The plan creates demand in the Caribbean – solves the link Clemens, Research Fellow at the Center for Global Development, and McKenzie, Senior Economic in the World Bank, 9 [Michael and David, 10-22, “Think Again: Brain Drain,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 8-29-10, WHS]

This common idea that skilled emigration AND skill acquisition in the source country. 6. Plan is key to long term Caribbean growth – solves the impact <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Patterson, Ph.D in Sociology, 7 [Rubin, March, “African brain circulation: beyond the drain-gain debate,” p. 3, Accessed 8-30-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">It is true that <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a critical AND with the homeland <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">are also <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">necessary.

7. No impact- bio-weapons to difficult to build and disperse- history proves- AND- even if they could be effective the perceived barriers doom motivation **__Stratfor__**, 12-21-200**__7__**, "Bioterrorism: Sudden Death Overtime?," <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[]

First, it must be recognized AND cost is higher than the benefit.

8. No impact to bioweapons – easily contained Koblentz,  MIT Political Science Ph. D ., 20  04 [Gregory, "Pathogens as Weapons," International Security, 28.3, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] ]

This reliance on surprise, howeverAND mitigate the consequences of an attack.

Demand high – cap’s filled Immigration Daily, 1-27 (“USCIS Reaches FY 2011 H-1B 2011 Cap,” 1-27-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-28-11) PM  WASHINGTON—U.S. AND an employment start date in FY2011.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Competes Act - Politics**
State of the Union cannot generate momentum – public doesn’t care. Silver, NYT 538 Political statistician, 1-26-11 [Nate, “Obama’s Paradox of Choice” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-3-11, TP]

Discussing Mr. Obama’s remarks yesterday AND the time the Super Bowl is played Tech lobbies like the plan – they’re key to the agenda <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Matloff, professor of Computer Science at UC Davis, 2 (Norman, “Debunking the Myth of a Desperate Software Labor Shortage,” Testimony to the US House Judiciary Committee on Immigration, 12-9-02,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-11-10) PM  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The high-tech industry wields  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  supporting the H-1B increase.)

Plan is bipart <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Barone, resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, 4-16 [Michael, Sr. political analyst--Washington Examiner, co-author of "The Almanac of American Politics 2010," Immigration Reform: The New Third Rail Wall Street Journal Apr 16, 2010. pg. A.19]

Mr. Bush's absence may also AND from this emotion-laden issue.

Winners win – makes Obama look powerful <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Robison, University of Vermont Middle East politics professor, 12-29-<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [Gordon“Obama returns to winning ways” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 12-29-10, TP]

If you spend time watching Washington AND to be recreated any time soon.

Obama is pushing energy. First Read, NBC News political unit, 2-3-11 [“Obama agenda: The Break Up” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-3-11, TP]

"President <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Obama will outline his AND of commercial buildings by 20 percent."

Obama has committed to Canada that he will expend capital on the border. Ibbitson, Globe and Mail, 2-4-11 [John, “With border deal, Harper nails down key election plank” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-4-11, TP]

Failure is all we have to AND continent amid fears of eroding sovereignty.

Budget fights inevitable. Kelly, Post Gazette, 1-30-11 [Jack, “Faceoff over the debt” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-4-11, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The showdown may come around March AND off against House Speaker Newt Gingrich.

Political capital is irrelevant for Obama’s initiatives – republicans control the House. Silver, NYT 538 Political statistician, 1-26-11 [Nate, “Obama’s Paradox of Choice” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-3-11, TP]

Now, however, the stakes AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">has far fewer choices to make.

Polcap spent – Mideast lack of peace process. Mondoweiss, 1-31-11 [“Obama failed to seize the day (and spent his political capital)” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 2-4-11, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">His failure to stand up to AND documents -- despite al Jazeera's hype.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: USAID Education Funding Giant Counterplan**
GOP hates spending – particularly now. Pethokoukis, Reuters, 2/2/11 (James, money and politics columnist for Reuters, former business editor for US News, "Debt ceiling battle could turn into trench warfare" <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 2/5/11])

Rep ublicans aren’t scared to toy with AND tactic could still rattle Treasury markets.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Navy** =

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Vagueness**
We are in the topic paper. Uzman, topic paper, ‘10 (Jacob, “2010-2011 Immigration Controversy Paper Proposal,” 2010, page 11, accessed 9-6-10) PM

The visa cap further deprives the AND H-1B visas has created.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Clean Tech tradeoff da**
1. This da doesn’t make any sense in relation to the aff – the link assumes the h1b cap is still in place.

2. Doha solves the impact. Doha solves protectionism, multilateralism, and climate change Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 1) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha Round <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">must be concluded  AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">implications of climate change  mitigation. »

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Skolkovo Da**
2. Russian scientists don’t even want to be part of Skolkovo – corruption, missing key team members, inability to get enough workers, and awful facilities Amos, Moscow Times, 10-21 (Howard, “Nobel Winners Tell Why Russia Lacks Allure,” 10-21-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-17-10) PM

LONDON — The Russian-born AND  but it turned out as usual.”

5. Plan makes Skolkovo more innovative – solves the impact <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Patterson, Ph.D in Sociology, 7 [Rubin, March, “African brain circulation: beyond the drain-gain debate,” p. 3, Accessed 8-30-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">It is true that <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a critical AND with the homeland <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">are also <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">necessary.

7. The plan creates demand in Russia – solves the link Clemens, Research Fellow at the Center for Global Development, and McKenzie, Senior Economic in the World Bank, 9 [Michael and David, 10-22, “Think Again: Brain Drain,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 8-29-10, WHS]

This common idea that skilled emigration AND skill acquisition in the source country.

No Russia war –cooperation over econ, bilateral commission check escalation Collins, Director, Russia Eurasia Program, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, 10/12/9 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(James, Former Ambassador to Russia, Advisory Board Member, Civilian Research and Development Foundation and the Library of Foreign Literature in Moscow, recipient of the Secretary of State's Award for Distinguished Service; the Department of Defense Medal for Distinguished Public Service; NASA Medal for Distinguished Service "US-Russia Relations on the Eve of Clinton's Trip to Moscow" <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 10/30/9])

I think we have done reasonably AND be less than they could be.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Biometrics K**
AND, the case turns the K, not the other way around Joshua Goldstein , American University International Relations Professor, 20  01  , “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

I began this book hoping to AND war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">seems to be <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">empirically inadequate.

6. Temporary migration creates new notions of citizenship through transnational cultures Adamson, Director International Public Policy Program, University College London, 2007 (Fiona, Assistant Professor of International Relations at University College London. “International Migration and National Security:Maximizing Benefits and Minimizing Risks” Paper Given at the Atlantic Conference, March 22- 24, 2007, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 8/21/10])

The relationship between migration flows and AND facilities, privileges and immunities.” 27

Perm – do the plan and the alt in future instances – proves no brink.

7. They don’t actually want their demands to be met – they are impossible and show their privileged position – but even if they are, it incites racist backlash, turning the alt. Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, 2002 [Slavoj, “Welcome to the desert of the real” gbooks, p.60, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

Happiness is thus inherently hypocritical: AND do what you’re boasting about !’

5. Immigration challenges notions of borders – challenges notions of citizenship and creates transnational networks of knowledge-sharing Itzigsohn, sociology professor at Brown, 2K (José, “Immigration and the Boundaries of Citizenship: The Institutions of Immigrants’ Political Transnationalism,” //International Migration Review//, Vol. 34, No. 4, Winter 2000, accessed 11-2-10, JStor) PM

Modern <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">politics and citizenship have been AND   question of immigrant-based transnationalism.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Sex Workers 1ac**
Contention One is The Trafficking Myth

The status quo narrative of trafficking focuses on the media hype surrounding the white, kidnapped female – this frames the entire discussion of trafficking in the context of demonizing the dark criminal Other <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Berman,  PhD and Berkeley Policy Associates Principal Analyst  , 20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">10  , (Jacqueline, “Biopolitical Management, Economic Calculation and ‘‘Trafﬁcked Women’’”, 7-19, International Organization for Migratio, Pg. 85-86) Accessed on Blackwell Synergy 7-25-10 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">A nefarious underworld populated by ‘‘AND themselves caught in trafﬁcking networks .4

This narrative functions to uphold the hegemonic status quo – the constructed images broken down by the plan are tied directly to overall structures of power Ewick and Silbey, Clark University Sociology Professor and MIT Sociology and Anthropology Professor, 1995 [Patricia and Susan S. Law & Society Review, Vol. 29, Issue 2] In the previous section, we AND crafted narrative of right and liability. This myth independently undermines women’s agency – they are forced to conform to the trafficked victim or get deported Doezema, Institute of Development Studies Fellow, 99 <span style="color: #1b1718; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Jo, “Loose Women or Lost Women? The Re-emergence of the Myth of White Slavery in Contemporary Discourses of Trafficking in Women” //Gender Issues,// Number 1 / December, pg 41-42 JCP]

Other analysts, such as GAATWAND running wild away from family supervision.

This determination of the helpless victim or the evil other marks the trafficked for extermination Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 59-60 JCP]

Berman has captured an interesting dichotomyAND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and the elimination of other individuals.

Contention Two is Management Rhetoric

The discourse of trafficking is mired in political complexity. Humanitarian approaches become entrenched in the logic of security, engaging in strategies of prevention and profiling of victims. Process diverts the focus away from the structural conditions that result in oppressive and exploitative forms of migration, and locates causality within the victim Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 98-99, TAT]

Compared to the more straightforward examples AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">individual that needs to be reformed<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

The securitization of migration is a tool for the co-option of the political process and the consolidation of political power. The game of naming and blaming the enemy draws attention away from the structural and social inequalities and seeks only to preserve authority and its control over the discursive space. Bigo, Professor of International Relations,2 (Didier, Alternatives: Global local and political, “Security and immigration: Toward a critique of the governmentality of unease”, January-March 2002, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 12-26-10)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Fears, unrest, misgivings <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">originating AND  -identified) or groups at risk

The result is that the victim ultimately becomes the culprit. Expert knowledge and psychologization not only construct the vulnerability of the victim but locates the victim as a high risk category that presents the threat of social problems Aradau, she’s also an International Studies lecturer at the Open University of the UK, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 100-102, TAT ]

In the general assemblage of risk AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">of risky actions in the future.

Resisting the exceptional and extreme justifications of securitization is an ethico-political responsibility. Securtization guarantees frequent and complicit violations of freedom. Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg.68 TAT ]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">As securitization means 'that <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">an issue AND of normal politics as democratic .4

Infused with the logic of security, trafficking discourse mobilizes violent instruments to eradicate the threat of the traffickers. The result is violent interventions targeted the trafficked migrants that leave the trafficking venues intact Davidson, University of Nottingham, School of Sociology, 10 [Julia, “New slavery, old binaries: human trafficking and the borders of ‘freedom’”, Global Networks 10, 2 (2010) 244–261, pg 253-255JCP]

Kevin Bales (2000: 250AND reach 18 (BBC News 2008b).

Plan Hence we, as engaged political citizens, affirm that The United States federal government should remove restrictions against sex work for all employment visas.

Contention Three is Solvency

Our argument is not just that we should accept prostitution or end Victorian ideals of purity – by recognizing that the migrant sex worker is also trafficked, we flip the state promoted interpretation of the white, female victim on itself, ending the trafficking myth Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 138-142 JCP]

Arguing in favour of prostitution as AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and exploitation of victims of trafficking <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

The aff spills over – the myth of the trafficked victim is a key site of resistance for whiteness and cultural identity Doezema, Institute of Development Studies Fellow, 99 [Jo, “Loose Women or Lost Women? The Re-emergence of the Myth of White Slavery in Contemporary Discourses of Trafficking in Women” //Gender Issues,// Number 1 / December, pg 46-47 JCP]

The repetition of core elements of AND, to act and to resist.

The 1ac breaks down the notions of the good and evil trafficked person – instead, both are viewed through a lens of equality Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg. 134-135, TAT]

The other principle that gives content AND have been formulated in this situation.

Equality is key to solve state-based management rhetoric – not acknowledging sex work as trafficking leaves hegemonic discourses unchecked Aradau, Research Director of the Securities Programme of the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Centre for Citizenship, Identities and Governance] and Open University Lecturer in International Studies in the Department of Politics and International Studies, 2008 [Claudia, Rethinking Trafficking in Women: Politics out of Security, pg 136-137 TAT]

Rather than thinking human trafficking as AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">can claim rights of residence and citizenship

Recognition is not enough – action is a prerequisite to change Doezema, Institute of Development Studies Fellow, 99 [Jo, “Loose Women or Lost Women? The Re-emergence of the Myth of White Slavery in Contemporary Discourses of Trafficking in Women” //Gender Issues,// Number 1 / December, pg 45 JCP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The reality of female labour migration AND turning this into a futile effort.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">E. Wise whiteness – the plan forces culture to confront the immigrant other – this creates confrontation solves the impact <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Sullivan, philosophy professor at Penn State, ‘<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> (Shannon, also teaches women’s studies and African American history, “Whiteness as Wise Provincialism: Royce and the Rehabilitation of a Racial Category,” //Transactions of the Charles S. Peirce Society: A Quarterly Journal in American Philosophy//, Vol. 44, No. 2, spring 2008, accessed 11-2-10, Project Muse) PM

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> In a similar fashion, when AND depoliticizing the meaning of those differences.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Combining activism with policy creates a broader societal discussion about the linkages of chattel slavery with immigration – the perm solves. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Magee, University of San Francisco law professor, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2009 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Rhonda, “Slavery as Immigration?” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], p.29, accessed 1-20-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">More research should explore the relationship AND should be actively supported and encouraged.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Perm – do the plan and endorse recognizing chattel slavery as an early form of immigration – disrupting the underlying assumptions of white privilege and a permanent, quasi-citizen-worker underclass without advocating their Equiano narrative. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Their focus on Equiano <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">locks Africans into passivity in the face of oppression. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Young, The Guardian, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2007 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Lola, “The truth in chains” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-21-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">And <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">although our ancestors can be AND the end of the slave trade.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">To believe that their advocacy moves us beyond white guilt is simply wrong – they trap slaves into stereotyped disempowerment and maintain struggles as invisible. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Kaplan, University of Southampton professor emeritus of English, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and Oldfield , University of Southampton modern history professor, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2010 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Cora and John, “Imagining transatlantic slavery” p.189, accessed from a book on 1-21-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">It is attractive to believe, AND , often <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">invisible  in its ubiquity.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Exclusive focus on methodology is counter-productive – no approach should be rejected on methodological grounds – it is anti-political and ineffective <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Fearon , Stanford Political Science Professor,  and Wendt  , Ohio State IR Professor, 200  2 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[James and Alexander, Handbook of International Relations, p. 68]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It should be stressed that in AND should continue on all three levels.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">State action to end structures that perpetuate injustice are critical to end white supremacy – individual action and dialogue is insufficient <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Jensen , Texas University Journalism Professor, Nowar Collective Founder, 200  5 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Robert, The Heart of Whiteness, p.78-87]

<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">I'm all for diversity and its AND has been true in my life.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Reconceptualizing notions of slavery through trafficking discourse breaks down the freedom-slavery binary. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Davidson, University of Nottingham, School of Sociology, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 <span style="font-size: 12pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Julia, “New slavery, old binaries: human trafficking and the borders of ‘freedom,’” Global Networks 10, 2 (2010) 244–261, pg 255-256, JCP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">To paraphrase a question Bonnie Honig AND 2000; Midgely 1998: 165).

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">The aff erases the history of Africa and creates the notion of a passive African in the face of oppression. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"><span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Kaplan, University of Southampton professor emeritus of English, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and Oldfield , University of Southampton modern history professor, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2010 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Cora and John, “Imagining transatlantic slavery” p.162-3, accessed from a book on 1-21-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">One of the high points in AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">outfall of the slave trade now <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Engaging in theoretical philosophy only meant to persuade those in the room without any call to action outside of it creates a spectator mentality – it undermines all action to end human misery and change political structures <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">David E. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">McClean, New School University Professor, and Society for the Study of Africana Philosophy President, 20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">01  , “The Cultural Left and the Limits of Social Hope,” http://www.american-philosophy.org/archives/past_conference_programs/pc2001/Discussion%20papers/david_mcclean.htm

<span style="font-size: 8pt; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Yet for some reason, at AND so-called "managerial class."

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turn—White Dehumanization—Criticisms of “whiteness” demonize all white people rather than just social domination- guarantees failure – we have to take pragmatic action. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Newitz , journalist, former U.S. Berkeley professor,  97 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Annalee, //White Trash: Race and Class in America//, "White Savagary and Humiliation, or a New Racial Consciousness in the Media," edited by, Matt Wray and Annalee Newitz, 1997, pg 149-150]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Rather than offering a way of AND love necessary to abolish racist practice.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995  (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93)

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Moreover, mere cultural redeployment in AND something more like a human home.”

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Breaking down the white norm in immigration law solves the impact. <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Magee, University of San Francisco law professor, 2009 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Rhonda, “Slavery as Immigration?” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], p.28, accessed 1-20-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">With regard to the equality and AND as the model or norm. 96

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Turn – they’ve got the wrong starting point – focusing on chattel slavery reinforces the Eurocentric belief that there was no Africa before slavery. That undermines Africa’s greatness and turns the alt <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Young, The Guardian, 2007 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Lola, “The truth in chains” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-21-11, TP]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">One downside of the commemorations is AND of Britain's slave-trading history.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Their advocacy can’t solve – ignoring Native American sovereignty claims allow whiteness and whiteness studies to continue to ignore Indigenous oppression by operation outside these structures <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Moreton-Robinson, Queensland University of Technology Geonpul scholar and indigenous studies professor, 8 <span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">[Aileen, “Writing Off Treaties: White Possession in the United States Critical Whiteness Studies Literature” in Transnational Whiteness Matters, edited by Aileen Moreton-Robinson, Maryrose Casey, Fiona Jean Nicoll, 2008, p. 87]

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Within the U nited S tates of America AND configured through the logic of capital.

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round Six v. Boston College BM**
same trade aff.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Abuse Turn**
Turns outweigh the links – the plan confronts more subtle, embedded forms of nativism Chakravartty, assistant professor of communication at UMass Amherst, ‘6 (Paula, “Symbolic Analysts or Indentured Servants? Indian High-Tech Migrants in America’s Information Economy,” //Knowledge, Technology, and Policy//, Vol. 19, No. 3, Fall 2006, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-28-10) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">segregation   and sense of social AND movement of white collar jobs abroad.

CIS has cracked down on fraud – 25,000 inspections happen per year Anderson, Executive Director of the National Foundation for American Policy, 8-20 (Stuart, “Regaining America’s Competitive Advantage: Making our Immigration System Work,” 8-20-10,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">U.S. C itizenship and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  verify information it receives from companies.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Space Add-On**
Funding exists, but massive workforce shortages are crippling the aerospace industry. H-1Bs are key. AIAA ‘10 (American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, “Recruiting, Retaining, and Developing a World-Class Aerospace Workforce: An AIAA Information Paper,” 3-9-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 10-29-10) PM

Aerospace represents about $200 billion AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">a year 4 – <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">is not enough.

Space exploration is inevitable, but US commercialization prevents space militarization Brown, Masters of Science from Rajaratnam School of International Studies @ Nanyang Technological University, 9 [Trevor Brown, Spring 2009, Air & Space Power Journal “Soft Power and Space Weaponization,” http://www.airpower.maxwell.af.mil/airchronicles/apj/apj09/spr09/brown.html, accessed 10-25-10, CMM)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The planet-wide eagerness to AND space capabilities and retain soft power.

Triggers preemptive space wars Martel, Professor of national security affairs @ Naval War College, and, Yoshihara Research fellow at the Institute for Foreign Policy Analysis, 3 (William C. Martel & Toshi Yoshihara, Autumn 2003, The Washington Quarterly, 26:4, “Averting a Sino-U.S.Space Race,” pg. 26-27, http://www.twq.com/03autumn/docs/03autumn_martel.pdf, accessed 10-25-10, CMM)

Strategists in <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the U nited <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">S  tates <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and AND that provide warning of missile launches.

Space wars have the highest magnitude. Mitchell, et al, Associate Professor of Communication at the University of Pittsburgh, 1 (Dr. Gordon, ISIS Briefing on Ballistic Missile Defence, “Missile Defence: Trans-Atlantic Diplomacy at a Crossroads”, No. 6 July, http://www.pitt.edu/~gordonm/JPubs/Mitchelletal2001b.pdf, pages 8-9, accessed 10-25-10, CMM)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Deployment of space weapons with predelegated AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">most destructive military conflict ever seen.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** 2ac AT: Give Back the Land **
Structural violence doesn’t escalate – they essentialize degrees of violence, systems of violence are not causal to international war

Trade aff

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Protectionism Turn**
No risk of labor backlash – they like the plan Kay, PhD candidate at UC Berkeley, ‘3 (Tamara, “Even Labor Unions Can Benefit From Free Trade,” 12-23-03, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-22-10) PM

While NAFTA did not generate relationships AND labor transnationalism, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">will be compromised.

Obama wouldn’t align with labor on protectionism, he would align with republicans to promote trade Nagorski, EastWest Institute VP, Public Policy Director,  11/6  /10, "Flirting With Isolation," http://www.newsweek.com/2010/11/06/flirting-with-isolation-a-changing-world-view.html, access 11/6/10

The Democratic left may feel diminished AND, and don’t run from it.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Auction Counterplan**
** 3. Turn – CP can’t solve and collapses small businesses **

Renshon, professor of political science at the City University of New York Graduate Center, 9-16 [Stanley, “A National Immigration Auction, Part I: A Very Bad Idea,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-23-10, WHS]

The authors' suggested cure for what AND the street from you probably won't.

4. That’s a new internal link to the economy Sigaria, Procurement Leader, ‘10 (“US Small Businesses Hold Keys to Economic Recovery,” 6-4-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-24-10) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">prospects for economic <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">recovery in AND to the success of those businesses.

6. CP undermines market predictability and links to politics Renshon, professor of political science at the City University of New York Graduate Center, 9-17 (Stanley, “A National Immigration Auction, Part III: Predictably Bad Consequences,” 9-17-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-24-10)

Notice here as well that the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND divide the country and exacerbate tensions.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac India Relations Add-On - Indo-Pak Conflict**
** Plan is key to solve Indian relations ** Davis, George Mason Public Policy Professor, 20  10  , (Ted, “ The Global Dynamic of High-Skill Migration: The Case of U.S./India Relations”, draft, Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, Pg. 17-20) Accessed on Google Scholar 5-19-10

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There is no reason to think AND domestic workers, firms, and countries

Relations prevent Indo-Pak war New York Times – 2 (6-10, Lexis)

Military <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">cooperation between India and the AND  hunt for Al Qaeda in Pakistan.

Extinction – outweighs their impacts of magnitude and probability Fai – 1 (Ghulam Nabi, Executive Director, Kashmiri American Council, Washington Times, 7-8)

The foreign policy of the United AND United States would enjoy no sanctuary.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Oil prices are impossible to predict – even the best forecasters have no idea Pollin, econ professor at UMass, et al ‘8 (Robert Pollin, Heidi Garrett-Peltier, James Heintz, Helen Scharber, all profs of Economics @ UMass Amherst, members of Political Economy Research Institute, “Green Recovery: A Program to Create Good Jobs and Start Building a Low Carbon Economy,” September 2008, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[] )

<span style="font-size: 16px; line-height: 24px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Peak oil within 3 years Clark, The Guardian, ‘8 (Duncan, staff writer, “UK will face peak oil crisis within five years, report warns, 10-29-08, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-10-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The "peak oil" debate AND with the collapse scenario also possible.

Plan s olves oil prices by reducing demand – it’s the only effective long term strategy Pollin, quals above, et al ‘8 (Robert Pollin, Heidi Garrett-Peltier, James Heintz, Helen Scharber, all profs of Economics @ UMass Amherst, members of Political Economy Research Institute, “Green Recovery: A Program to Create Good Jobs and Start Building a Low Carbon Economy,” September 2008, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[]  )

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Expanding investments in energy efficiency and AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">sus­tained relief from rising gas prices.

Low Russia economic growth now Aleksashenko, Carnegie Economic Policy Program Scholar-in-Residence,  12-22  , 20  10  , (Sergei, “Russia: Unstable Economy and Political Crisis”, International Economic Bulletin, Carnegie Endowment for International Peace, PAS)<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] 12-28-10

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Though <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> the rise in oil prices AND deteriorating, overshadowing all other arenas.

Smart Grids solve warming through energy efficiency. CECGW, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Clean Energy Corps Working Group, 2008 [11-14, “Clean Energy Corps: Jobs, Service, and Equal Opportunity in America’s Clean Energy Economy,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.cows.org/pdf/rp-CleanEnergyCorps_Full%20Report.pdf], Accessed 8-27-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The U.S. contributes AND line) spending 16 percent.19

Action by 2012 prevents runaway warming which causes resource wars, disease, starvation, and extinction <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Stokes, scientist and researcher in warming, 2007 (John, extensive research on global warming, the Canadian “Over 4.5 Billion people could die from Global Warming-related causes by 2012”<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] )

A recent scientific theory called the AND a greed-driven <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">horrific catastrophe. The price of crude oil rose AND, which further complicates price forecasting.

=<span style="font-size: 1.4em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**GMU** =

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**1ac**
Plan: The United States federal government should lift the cap on H-1B visas.

Contention 1 - Trade

Service negotiations are key to United States leadership on trade by concluding Doha – solves multilateralism. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Baldwin, former panel member of experts <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to advise the Director-General of the WTO on the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha round, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [Robert E., 5/17/2010, “The world trading system without American leadership,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-11-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Since the signing of the General AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">and non-ag ricultural <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">goods.

Roadblocks in other areas means services have to come first <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Schott, Peterson Institute for International Economics senior fellow, 2010 [Jeffrey J., Member, Trade and Environment Adivsory Committee since 2003, senior fellow in international trade poicy and economic sanctions, State Dept. International Economic Policy Advisory cmte., former GATT negotiator for U.S., 3/12/10, “Finishing Doha: The PIIE Parameters”]

Steve Weisman: You propose that AND big winner in the Doha Round.

They are key to make India, China, and others commit <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Banerjee, The Financial Express, 8-18 [Ronojoy, “India, China want services on par with agri goods at WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

In a radical shift in policy AND not enough anymore,” he added.

They spillover to other negotiations <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts, Oxford IR research fellow, and Nicolaidis, Oxford European Studies Center Director, 2009 [Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10]

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">multilateral negotiations on Mode IV AND agrinama and the <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">other GATS modes.

Raising the cap on H-1Bs would be a concession to India and others, moving negotiations forward. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Betts and Nicolaidis, 9 (Alexander, Director, Global Migraton Governance Project, Senior Researcher, Global Economic Governance Programme, Research Associate of the Refugee Studies Centre, Centre for Migration, Policy and Society, and the Centre for International Studies, and Kalypso, Chair, South East European Studies at Oxford (SEESOX), Chair, Global Trade Ethics project, “The Trade-Migration Linkage: GATS Mode IV,” memo prepared for the ‘Global Trade Ethics Conference’, presented 2/19/2009,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/30/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">For a country like India, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to justify  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">wider  market access <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">concessions.

Second – developing countries

The economic benefits of labor migration garner their support <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Broude, Hebrew University of Jerusalem <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Law and IR Professor, 7 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The potential benefits of increased international AND (Charlton and Stiglitz, 2004).

** Third – developed countries **

Services provide political support for ratification <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Schott et al., 9 [Jeffrey, M. Adler, C. Brunel, G. Hufbauer, August, “What’s on the Table? The Doha Round as of August 2009,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-12-10, WHS]

In large measure, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">services have AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to ensure ratification by national legislatures.

Multilateralism solves an coming great power war. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Dyer, University of London Military History PhD, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 (Gwynne, 12/30/4, "The end of war," Toronto Star, l/n [accessed 8/15/10])

War is deeply embedded in our AND context of the existing state system.

2010 is key – failure at Doha collapses WTO credibility causing trade blocs to spread <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bluestein, journalist at the Brookings Institution's Global Economy and Development Program, 10 [Paul, January/February, “R.I.P, WTO,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-7-10, WHS]

Of course, commerce will continue AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">WTO rulings and flouting their commitments.

Fragmentation of the trade order empirically causes conflict that escalate globally <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cho, Assistant Law Professor Chicago-Kent, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 [Sungjoon, Illinois Institute of Technology "Doha's Development," 25 Berkeley J. Int'l L. 165]

Second, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the mercantilist nature of AND errors and are punished for them.

Protectionism emboldens interstate competition magnifying conflicts Stewart <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Patrick <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">, **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">CFR International Institutions Director **** and Senior Fellow, ** 3/13/200 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">9 , "Protecting Free Trade," http://www.nationalinterest.org/Article.aspx?id=21084

President Obama has committed to working AND all major developed and developing countries.

The WTO is comparatively better than any alternative <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Panitchpakdi, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Secretary-General of the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD), 2/26/200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 [Supachai, former Director-General of the WTO, "To Director General American Leadership and the World Trade Organization: What is the Alternative? ," http://www.wto.org/english/news_e/spsp_e/spsp22_e.htm]

Besides, **__<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">what is the alternative AND __** prosperity, a more just world.

The WTO ensures equitable globalization – the alternative is marginalization of the South. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Legrain, WTO Director General Special adviser, December <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">2000 [Philippe, "Should the WTO be Abolished," http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m2465/is_9_30/ai_68742882/print]

A convincing case for the WTO's AND than their counterparts 30 years ago.

Contention 2 – Cyberterrorism

** The US is vulnerable to an attack because of a shortage of qualified workers – funding and training are insufficient. **  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">NPR, 20<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">10 [<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|Tom Gjelten] July 19th “Cyberwarrior Shortage Threatens U.S. Security” Accessed 9/21/10 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There may be no country on AND to system failures and malicious acts ."

There are thousands of attacks every hour it is only a matter of time <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Times Online, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">7 [September 8, 2007 China’s cyber army is preparing to march on America, says Pentagon Accessed 5/8/09 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] JCP

After the attacks, computer security AND aggressive in this,” he said.

A successful cyber attack would cause an economic disaster <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Posner, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">University of Chicago Law Senior Lecturer, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">4 [Richard, Catastrophe: Risk and Response, pg 85-86 JCP]

"<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">More than 800,AND could trigger a major economic depression.

Economic collapse leads to global war. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Lind **<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">, New America Foundation **** Economic <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Growth Program Policy Director  **, 5/11/20 <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">10 [Michael, "Will the great recession lead to World War IV?," http://www.salon.com/news/economics/index.html?story=/opinion/feature/2010/05/11/great_recession_world_war_iv]

If history is any guide, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">is all <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">too easy to imagine.

Miscalculation goes nuclear <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Coleman, Technology Management Consultant, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 [Kevin, November, “Department of Cyber Defense: An organization who’s time has come!,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 11-5-10, WHS]

Each and every day there AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">use of weapons of mass destruction!

A cyberattack on the nation’s power grid is possible and it would shut down the electrical grid <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Smith, Worldwide Writer, 3 (Charles R., “Cyber Terror” Tuesday Aug 19 2003 http://www.newsmax.com/archives/articles/2003/8/19/121729.shtml)

Al-Qaeda sources announced that AND **__that operate your electric power do.__**

Power Grid Shutdown would lead to 100 chernobyl-scale nuclear meltdowns <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, Nuclear Policy Research Institute president, 5 (Helen, “Nuclear-war threat still very real” Interview with Martin Sieff, 18 May 2005, lexis)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There are 103 nuclear power plants AND many Chernobyls all over the place.

A single nuclear meltdown would instantly kill thousands of people and many more would die from the after-effects <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, 94 (Helen, __Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do__, pg 63)

**__The nuclear power accident that poses AND__**, but they **__<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">will surely <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">occur __**.

And, meltdowns cause extinction <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Caldicott, 94 (Helen, __Nuclear Madness: What You Can Do__, pg 21-22)

As a physician, I contend AND the world’s pro-nuclear policies.

Money is insufficient, H1Bs key to solve cyber security threats- they bring workers and innovators. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Piper, Washington Internet Daily, 0<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">9 [Greg, Washington Internet Daily Staff Writer, October 21, “Ex-Officials Tell Entrepreneurs How to Pitch Cybersecurity to Feds,” WASHINGTON INTERNET DAILY Vol. 10 No. 202 JCP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Companies providing cybersecurity solutions will be AND Lt. General //Minihan// (retired)

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Courts**
3. Congressional and executive authority key to negotiating credibility – the impact is trade blocs and global conflict Umberger, George Mason Law JD Candidate, 8 (Alison, “Free Trade Visas: Exploring The Constitutional Boundaries of Trade Promotion Authority”, Georgetown Immigration Law Journal, 22 Geo. Immigr. L.J. 319) Accessed on LexisNexis 6-2-10

USTR's inclusion of immigration-related AND ] fields of international law. n24

4. CP triggers Congressional backlash and stripping – seen as a break from court precedent Devins, William and Mary Professor of Law and Government, '06 [ Neal, Maryland Law Review, "Smoke, Not Fire," 65 Md. L. Rev. 197, l/n]

In the meantime, the Rehnquist AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">relations are not yet upon us.

6. Links to politics Campbell, Government Professor, 2K (Colton, CONGRESS CONFRONTS THE COURTS, p. 22)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The final <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">situation in which the AND touch is unlikely to be respected.

8. No test case means no CP   Neomi  Rao ,  GMU Assistant Law Professor,  Spring 200  9  , "PRESIDENTIAL POWER IN THE 21ST CENTURY SYMPOSIUM: ARTICLE: THE PRESIDENT'S SPHERE OF ACTION," 45 Willamette L. Rev. 527, lexis

By contrast, as discussed aboveAND energy" belongs with the executive.

9. Congress key to certainty Endelman, PhD in History at Delaware, et al ‘9 (Gary, and Cyrus Mehta, “The Path Less Taken: Is There an Alternative Way to Waiting for Comprehensive Immigration Reform ?” 2009, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-1-10) PM

USCIS does not have to define AND angst is surely worth the effort.

Certainty key to Doha Palmer, Reuters, 1-5-11 [Doug, “2011 could be Obama’s year of trade” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-5-11, TP]

The three FTA <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">countries will be AND the Peterson Institute for International Economics.

Uncertainty means immigrants don’t come <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Papademetriou, Migration Policy Institute, et al, ‘8 (Demetrious, Will Somerville, Hiroyuki Tanaka, “Talent In the 21st Century,” November 2008, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-1-10) PM

The first element, that of <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND   ultimate decision about settlement and citizenship.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Australia Brain Drain (Crowd Out)**
<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.5in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px; text-indent: -0.25in;">1. Demand high – the cap will be full in 3 weeks Musillo, Immigration Lawyer, 1-12 (Chris, Musillo-Unkenholt Immigration Law, “February 2011 Visa Bulletin,” 1-12-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-13-11) PM

The latest USCIS update says that <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND -subject H-1B cases.

2. Brain drain now – the numbers have never been worse Bowen, Australian Minister of Immigration, ‘8 (Chris, “Australia’s Biggest Brain Drain on Record,” 10-7-08, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 11-17-10) PM

The Minister for Immigration and Citizenship AND  work,’  Senator Evans said.

Brain circulation means we boost growth in the long term <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Saxenian et al., Dean and Professor in the School of Information @ University of California, Berkeley, 2 [AnnaLee, Y. Motoyama, Ph.D from University of California, Berkeley, and X. Quan, Department of Organization and Business @ San Jose State University, October 2002, Public Policy Institute of California, “Local and Global Networks of Immigrant Professionals in Silicon Valley ,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 7-21-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There is extensive evidence of brain AND a business outside the United States.

AND, remittances can solve short term <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Patterson, Ph.D in Sociology, 7 [Rubin, March, “African brain circulation: beyond the drain-gain debate,” p. 74-75, Accessed 8-30-10, WHS]

The true extent to which remittances AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">on local production activities were confirmed.

H-1Bs now disprove the link – no unique threshold for economic collapse Other countries will take the workers inevitably Bush, McLarty & Alden, co-chairmen and director of a Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Immigration Policy, 9 [Jeb, Thomas F., and Edward, 7/21/09, “U.S. Immigration Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations, pg. 15-16, Accessed 8-31-10, WHS]

There are new competitors as wellAND the most <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">talented immigrants seeking advancement.

No risk of nuclear terrorism – they don’t even have an internal link from terror to nuclear terror

A. No organizational capacity van den Bergh, Eramus University IR Professor, Hague Social Studies Institute, Harvard Harkness Fellow, Neterlands Association for International Affairs Chairman, Dutch Ministries Foreign Affairs and Defense IR Advisory Council Member, May 200  9 [Godfried van Benthem, "The Taming of the Great Nuclear Powers," http://www.carnegieendowment.org/npp/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152]

Recently, a new fear has AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">small, relatively autonomous “ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">cells  .”

B. Probability of success is so low that there is also no motive DeGroot, St. Andrews University History Professor, November 200  9 [Gerard, "Dismissing Doomsday," http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_11/BookReview, 11/9]

Mueller sees nuclear weapons as a AND and information for bomb-making.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Politics - SKFTA Good**
Won’t pass – AFL CIO doesn’t support and Republicans will push for all three – dooms passage. AFP, 1-13-11 [“US wants S.Korea trade pact by July” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-14-11, TP]

The free trade agreement enjoys support AND along with Korea ," Kirk said.

Won’t pass – wildly unpopular with key 2012 states. Drajem, Bloomberg, 1-13-11 [Mark, “Kirk Wants Congress Vote on Korea Trade By July” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-14-11, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The accord with the Korea <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">is AND Maine and Ohio <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">, Kirk said.

Obama won’t push RTT News, Global Financial Newswires, 1-13-11 [“Obama Administration Seeks Early Ratification Of US-Korea FTA: Report” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-14-11, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Kirk said the US administration wanted AND state the timeline for the process.

Link non unique – Obama pushing the plan Thibodeau, computerworld, ‘10 (Patrick, staff writer, “Five Reasons Why the H-1B Cap Will Be Increased, Revised,” 4-15-10,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-11-10) PM

One: <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">H-1B opponents AND access to H-1B visas.

Tech lobbies like the plan – they’re key to the agenda <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Matloff, professor of Computer Science at UC Davis, 2 (Norman, “Debunking the Myth of a Desperate Software Labor Shortage,” Testimony to the US House Judiciary Committee on Immigration, 12-9-02,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-11-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The high-tech industry wields <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  supporting the H-1B increase.)

Plan is bipart <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Barone, resident fellow at the American Enterprise Institute, 4-16 [Michael, Sr. political analyst--Washington Examiner, co-author of "The Almanac of American Politics 2010," Immigration Reform: The New Third Rail Wall Street Journal Apr 16, 2010. pg. A.19]

Mr. Bush's absence may also AND from this emotion-laden issue.

Winners win – makes Obama look powerful <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute fellow and political analyst, 93 (Norman J., Roll Call, “Clinton Can Still Emerge a Winner; Here's What to Do”, May 27, p. Online)

1. A president's power is AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">clear that you are in control.

Multiple factors check Asian war White, ANU (Australian National University)  strategic studies professor, 8 [Hugh, Lowy Institute for International Policy visiting fellow, former (Australian) Office of National Assessments intelligence analyst and senior advisor to the Defense minister, "Why War in Asia Remains Thinkable," Survival, informaworld.com]

Meanwhile, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">most countries in the AND sense is indeed <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">hard to imagine.

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round Four v. Liberty BW**
same 1ac as above.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Consult the Native Americans Counterplan**
BBC Monitoring International Reports, 6/26/20 02, lexis
 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">  CP causes delays of several months

The US president also spoke about AND the main sponsor of the peace negotiations

Leebron, Columbia Law School Law Professor, January 200 1 [David, "ARTICLE: Symposium: The Boundaries of the WTO: Linkages," lexis]
 * 1) <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0.5em; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 3em; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">  CP causes negotiations to fail – sparks controversy in negotiations that causes Doha collapse – even if they solve short term, the WTO is unsustainable and fails to solve conflict

<span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0.25in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt;">Every linkage potentially <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 10pt;">raises strategic problemsAND  little to stabilize inherently weak regimes.

Doha solves protectionism, multilateralism, and climate change Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 1) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha Round <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">must be concluded  AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">implications of climate change  mitigation. »

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Queer Assimilation K**
AND, the case turns the K, not the other way around Joshua Goldstein , American University International Relations Professor, 20  01  , “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

I began this book hoping to AND war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">seems to be <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">empirically inadequate.

4. Their links allow oppression of workers to continue, this is especially true in the context of the aff where we don’t create citizenship, but just allow workers to come Chang, Associate Professor of Law, University of Southern California Law School, 1997 (Howard F., Visiting Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. A.B., 1982, J.D., 1987, Harvard University; M.P.A., 1985, Princeton University; Ph.D., 1992, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “LIBERALIZED IMMIGRATION AS FREE TRADE: ECONOMIC WELFARE AND THE OPTIMAL IMMIGRATION POLICY” 145 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1147, Lexis [7/23/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Guestworker status may strike some observers AND significant quota rents from the immigrant.

7. Temporary migration creates new notions of citizenship through transnational cultures Adamson, Director International Public Policy Program, University College London, 2007 (Fiona, Assistant Professor of International Relations at University College London. “International Migration and National Security: Maximizing Benefits and Minimizing Risks” Paper Given at the Atlantic Conference, March 22- 24, 2007, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 8/21/10])

The relationship between migration flows and AND facilities, privileges and immunities.” 27

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Round Five v. Richmond BF**
same 1ac as above.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Badiou**
AND, the case turns the K, not the other way around Joshua Goldstein , American University International Relations Professor, 20  01  , “War and Gender: How Gender Shapes the War System and Vice Versa,” p.411-412

I began this book hoping to AND war <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">seems to be <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">empirically inadequate.

Their links allow oppression of workers to continue, this is especially true in the context of the aff where we don’t create citizenship, but just allow workers to come Chang, Associate Professor of Law, University of Southern California Law School, 1997 (Howard F., Visiting Associate Professor of Law, Georgetown University Law Center. A.B., 1982, J.D., 1987, Harvard University; M.P.A., 1985, Princeton University; Ph.D., 1992, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, “LIBERALIZED IMMIGRATIONAS FREE TRADE: ECONOMIC WELFARE AND THE OPTIMAL IMMIGRATION POLICY” 145 U. Pa. L. Rev. 1147, Lexis [7/23/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Guestworker status may strike some observers AND significant quota rents from the immigrant.

AND, combining the alt allows for flexibility that solves the aff and the K     Broude, Law and IR Professor, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 2007 (Tomer, “THE WTO/GATS MODE 4, INTERNATIONAL LABOUR MIGRATION REGIMES AND GLOBAL JUSTICE”, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[|www.worldtradelaw.net/articles/broudemode4.pdf] [accessed 9/11/10])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Mode 4's small impact in practice AND accommodating competing political and philosophical perspectives <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.

6. Temporary migration creates new notions of citizenship through transnational cultures Adamson, Director International Public Policy Program, University College London, 2007 (Fiona, Assistant Professor of International Relations at University College London. “International Migration and National Security:Maximizing Benefits and Minimizing Risks” Paper Given at the Atlantic Conference, March 22- 24, 2007, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 8/21/10])

The relationship between migration flows and AND facilities, privileges and immunities.” 27

Perm – do the plan and the alt in future instances – proves no brink.

They don’t actually want their demands to be met – they are impossible and show their privileged position – but even if they are, it incites racist backlash, turning the alt. Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, 2002 [Slavoj, “Welcome to the desert of the real” gbooks, p.60, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

Happiness is thus inherently hypocritical: AND do what you’re boasting about !’

Their alt links to their ethics claims – opening borders only looks at immigrants as repostiors in the global market. Brunner, Central Michigan University Economics Professor,  and Colarelli  , Central Michigan University Psychology Professor, 20  10  , (Lawrence and Stephen, “Immigration in the Twenty-First Century: A Personnel Selection Approach”, The Independent Review, Winter, PAS, Pg. 394) Accessed on Ebsco Host 11-25-10

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">An open-immigration policy is AND the system’s goals must be aligned.

Ethical policymaking must be grounded in consequences Isaac, Indiana University James H. Rudy Professor of Political Science and Center for the Study of Democracy and Public Life director, Spring 200  2 (Jeffrey C. “Ends, Means, and Politics,” Dissent Magazine Vol. 49 Issue 2, p32)

Power is not a dirty word AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">. And it <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">undermines political effectiveness.

Their cap kills the environment args aren’t responsive – we’ve passed the point where abandoning cap can solve – the only way to save the environment is through innovation of new tech Atkisson, President and CEO of environmental sustainability group, ‘1 (Alan, The Atkisson Group, international sustainability group that advises governments and corporations, “Sustainability is Dead – Long Live Sustainability,” 10-18-01, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-10-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Our economies and technologies are changing AND  whole associated with their inevitable collapse.

It is necessary to learn the language of the state- their form of opposition will always be transitory, getting co-opted by the government or society. It may be necessary but is not sufficient Sullivan, the New Republic – editor, 1995 (Andrew, Virtually Normal, pg. 91-93)

Moreover, mere cultural redeployment in AND something more like a human home.”

The neg needs to disprove the factual claims of the 1AC Yudowsky, Singularity Institute for AI Research Fellow and Director, 06 [Eliezer, 8/31/2006, Cognitive Biases Potentially Affecting Judgment of Global Risk, http://www.singinst.org/ourresearch/publications/cognitive-biases.pdf]

Every true idea which discomforts you AND take your eye off the ball.

There is always value to life – external claims about others life destroy individual autonomy Schwartz, Glasow philosophy professor and M.D., 2003, (Lisa, “The Value to Life: Who Decides and How?” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: windowtext; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px; text-decoration: none;">[|www.fleshandbones/readingroom/pdf/399.pdf] [accessed 9/4/9])

The second assertion made by supporters AND person concerned and not by others.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** 2ac AT: Africa Brain Drain **
Brain circulation means we boost growth in the long term <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Saxenian et al., Dean and Professor in the School of Information @ University of California, Berkeley, 2 [AnnaLee, Y. Motoyama, Ph.D from University of California, Berkeley, and X. Quan, Department of Organization and Business @ San Jose State University, October 2002, Public Policy Institute of California, “Local and Global Networks of Immigrant Professionals in Silicon Valley ,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 7-21-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">There is extensive evidence of brain AND a business outside the United States.

AND, remittances can solve short term <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Patterson, Ph.D in Sociology, 7 [Rubin, March, “African brain circulation: beyond the drain-gain debate,” p. 74-75, Accessed 8-30-10, WHS]

The true extent to which remittances AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">on local production activities were confirmed.

Non Unique: Worker shortages inevitable-mass worldwide retirements <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Li, IB Times, 8-25 [Hao, 2010, “Developed countries face skilled labor shortage,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-2-10, WHS]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The world's economies, especially in AND see themselves pursuing skilled trade careers.

3. Double bind – Either A. Current H1b levels should have triggered the link or B. The repeal of the caps doesn’t take enough tech workers to cause the impact

Link inevitable – other countries attracting immigrants now – loss of skilled workers is inevitable <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Bush, McLarty & Alden, co-chairmen and director of a Council on Foreign Relations-sponsored Independent Task Force on U.S. Immigration Policy, 9 [Jeb, Thomas F., and Edward, 7/21/09, “U.S. Immigration Policy,” Council on Foreign Relations, pg. 15-16, Accessed 8-31-10, WHS]

There are new competitors as wellAND the most <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">talented immigrants seeking advancement.

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** Quarters v. George Washington BT **
same 1ac as above.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Wages/Investor Confidence Turn**
Immigration increases wages, lowers prices, and solves consumer spending – subsumes and turns their link Klein, Washington Post, 10 (Ezra, 9-24-10, “The megapayoff of increased immigration is lost on politicians,” http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-dyn/content/article/2010/09/24/AR2010092401774.html, accessed 9-24-10, CMM)

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The mistake we make when thinking AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">we want to buy go down.

H-1Bs only increase wages – prefer our economist research studies Anderson, Executive Director of the National Foundation for American Policy, 8-20 (Stuart, “Regaining America’s Competitive Advantage: Making our Immigration System Work,” 8-20-10,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

Madeline <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Zavodny, a research economist AND professionals are complementary to native professionals.

Wages are down – the economy The Week (opinion), 1-12-11 (“Will wages ever bounce back?,” http://theweek.com/article/index/210974/will-wages-ever-bounce-back, accessed 1-13-11, CMM)

Wage declines are the new reality AND how some New Yorkers are protesting)

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">CIS has cracked down on fraud – 25,000 inspections happen per year

Anderson, Executive Director of the National Foundation for American Policy, 8-20 (Stuart, “Regaining America’s Competitive Advantage: Making our Immigration System Work,” 8-20-10,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">U.S. C <span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman',serif; font-size: 10pt;">itizenship and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  verify information it receives from companies

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Do Everything But Immigration To Resolve Doha Counterplan**
immigration policy revision resolves negotiations on GATS, agriculture market access, and subsidies. James, Trade Policy Analyst, CATO Institute, 2009 (Sallie, 2/4/9 “A Service to the Economy: Removing Barriers to ‘Invisible Trade’” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/27/9])

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The GATS is far from being AND off on a deal, too.

Mode 4 visa concessions are key to an egalitarian WTO – it is the only binding mechanism on immigration policy Panizzon, Senior Fellow, World Trade Institute, 2010 (Marion, Assistant Professor of International Law, University of Bern, Consultant with FBE, “Trade and Labor Migration: GATS Mode 4 and Migration Agreements” Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung, No. 47, January 2010, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 7/27/10])

Although commitments under Mode 4 of AND trained services occupations in the WTO.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: EPA Repeal Bad Politics**
He isn’t pushing it – it isn’t a priority. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Cohen, Columbia University Earth Institute executive director, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">12-23 -10 [Steven, “A Modest Green Agenda for the Coming Congress” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-7-11, Pacheco]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The absence of climate or energy AND will work to focus his agenda. Healthcare and budget will drain political capital. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Mason, Washington Examiner correspondent, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">1-4 -11 [Julie,” Obama tapping personal charm, political capital to combat GOP” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-7-11, TP]

President <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Obama is sounding optimistic about AND protracted showdown over the federal <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">budget.

No impact – it is the dog that didn’t bark. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Alpern, Industry Week, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">1-7 -11 [Peter, “EPA’s Emissions Regulations: the Dog That Didn’t Bark?”<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-7-11, TP]

Though the EPA has promised to AND standards wouldn’t come until even later.

Tech is untouchable and supports raising H1B caps – plan has zero opposition <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Matloff, professor of Computer Science at UC Davis, 2 (Norman, “Debunking the Myth of a Desperate Software Labor Shortage,” Testimony to the US House Judiciary Committee on Immigration, 12-9-02,<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 9-11-10) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The high-tech industry wields <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND  supporting the H-1B increase.)

Turn - winners win – makes Obama look powerful <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Ornstein, American Enterprise Institute fellow and political analyst, 93 (Norman J., Roll Call, “Clinton Can Still Emerge a Winner; Here's What to Do”, May 27, p. Online)

1. A president's power is AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">clear that you are in control.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Doha Add-On - Warming**
Doha solves protectionism, multilateralism, and climate change Martin, Lead Economist of the World Bank Development Project, et al, ‘10 (Will, member of the GTAP advisory board, Powell Award recipient for outstanding work with the World Bank and GTAP, PhD in economics from Iowa State, edited four books on the WTO and developing countries, Bernard Hoekman and Aaditya Mattoo, both economists at the World Bank, “Conclude Doha: It Matters!” //World Trade Review//, Vol. 9, Iss. 3, July 2010, accessed 10-1-10, pg. 1) PM

The <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Doha Round <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">must be concluded  AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">implications of climate change  mitigation. »

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Terror DA**
Plan solves better – sends a perception to the international community of openness that undermines terror motives Graham, 4 (Chadwick. WHITHER GOES CUBA? PROSPECTS FOR ECONOMIC & SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PART I OF II: STUDENT NOTE: Defeating an Invisible Enemy: The Western Superpowers' Efforts to Combat Terrorism by Fighting Illegal Immigration. Transnational Law & Contemporary Problems. 14 Transnat'l L. & Contemp. Probs. 281. LN)

Although <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">the U nited<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> S tates and AND a key to detecting known terrorists.

Plan overcomes signals that make terrorists want to attack – that means terror is inevitable in the status quo <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;"> Johnson 7 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Kevin. Dean for Academic Affairs, School of Law, University of California, Davis. The University of Chicago Legal Forum. Protecting National Security through More Liberal Admission of Immigrants. 2007 U Chi Legal F 157.

This article contends that, even AND modern <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">migration to the United States.

7. No risk of nuclear terrorism A. No organizational capacity van den Bergh, Eramus University IR Professor, Hague Social Studies Institute, Harvard Harkness Fellow, Neterlands Association for International Affairs Chairman, Dutch Ministries Foreign Affairs and Defense IR Advisory Council Member, May 200  9 [Godfried van Benthem, "The Taming of the Great Nuclear Powers," http://www.carnegieendowment.org/npp/publications/index.cfm?fa=view&id=23152]

Recently, a new fear has AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">small, relatively autonomous “ <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">cells  .”

B. Probability of success is so low that there is also no motive DeGroot, St. Andrews University History Professor, November 200  9 [Gerard, "Dismissing Doomsday," http://www.armscontrol.org/act/2009_11/BookReview, 11/9]

Mueller sees nuclear weapons as a AND and information for bomb-making.

<span style="font-size: 13px; font-weight: normal; line-height: 19px; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Demand high – the cap will be full in 3 weeks

Musillo, Immigration Lawyer, 1-12 (Chris, Musillo-Unkenholt Immigration Law, “February 2011 Visa Bulletin,” 1-12-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-13-11) PM

The latest USCIS update says that <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">AND -subject H-1B cases.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Extremist Backlash DA**
Right wing violence inevitable – A. Arizona Husain, Dawn, 1-15 (Irfan, “Might is Right, According to the Right,” 1-15-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-16-11) PM

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">The conservative heartland includes Arizona, AND trade of channels like Fox News.

B. Lack of gun control and crackdowns on extremists Levine, Winnipeg Free Press, 1-15 (Allan, “Loughner is Hardly Unique,” 1-15-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-16-11) PM

McCarthy eventually disappeared from Washington, AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">will be repeated   again and again.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Health Care Good Add-on - Bioterror**
Status quo medical worker shortage is collapsing the healthcare sector <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Sieff, staff writer, 8-4 (Jessica, writer for the Niles Daily Star, “As Workforce Ages, Health care Jobs in Demand, 8-4-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

And <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">in Michigan, as well AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">safer health care  ,” she said.

Shortage collapses the healthcare sector <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; font-size: 12pt;">Cohn, Baltimore sun, 8-9 (Meredith, “Workforce Training Grant Money Comes to MD,” 8-9-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 8-27-10) PM

Anticipating <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">increasing shortages of health care AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">reforming the nation’s health care system  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">.”

A Bioterror attack is inevitable by 2013. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Fox News, 200<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">8 [“Nuclear or Bioterror Attack on U.S. Likely by 2013, Panel Warns” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], 12-2, accessed 10-28-10, TP]

<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Terrorists are likely to attack the AND, and <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">could easily be compromised.

Healthcare is the only way response to a bioterror attack. <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial; margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0px; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">Sklar, contributor to The Nation, 2002 [Holly, extensive author and political analyst, “Rolling the Dice on Our Nation's Health” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], 12-19, accessed 10-28-10, TP]

Imagine if the first people infected AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">our readiness for any <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">bioterror  <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;"> attack.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Malthus DA**
Immigration’s never been higher Camarota, Director of Research at the CIS, 9 [Steven A., August, “Immigration, Population, and the Environment: Experts to Debate Impact of Current Policies,” <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], Accessed 9-16-10, WHS]

But that’s not what we’re really AND. environment or the world environment?

We’ve already hit the peak and unconventional sources won’t solve Stuebi, over 20 years of experience as an executive, entrepreneur, investor and consultant in the energy industry, 12-20-10 (Richard, Cleantech Blog, “Peak Oil: Objects in Mirror May Be Closer Than They Appear,” http://www.cleantechblog.com/2010/12/peak-oil-objects-in-mirror-may-be-closer-than-they-appear.html, accessed 12-28-10, CMM)

Over the past decade, there AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">replace oil in a major way.

No peak oil – new reserves and tech and oil is abiotic Bright, AIA architect, 12-9-10 (Randy, Tulsa Beacon, “Peak oil needs to be investigated along with alternatives,” http://www.tulsabeacon.com/?p=4823, accessed 12-28-10, CMM)

Peak oil does not mean AND <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">we might never run out.

Overconsumption solves the impact—its key to spark new resource innovations Leonard, Salon staff writer, 3/3 /2010 [Andrew, "How overconsumption might save the planet," http://www.salon.com/technology/how_the_world_works/2010/03/03/china_rational_expectations, 3/4]

Does the prospect of a few AND the U.S. market.

Current population trends make the link inevitable PR Newswire, 12-21-10 (“New Census Data Reveal Immigration is Fueling Runaway U.S. Population Growth,” http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-census-data-reveal-immigration-is-fueling-runaway-us-population-growth-112277999.html, accessed 12-27-10, CMM)

Today's release of 2010 Census data AND million Americans by mid-century."

Overshoot theories are based on flawed, racist science Walter Ewing , Immigration Policy Center Research Associate, 7/28/20  10  , "New Reports Describe the “Green-Washing” of Nativist Hate," http://immigrationimpact.com/2010/07/28/new-reports-describe-the-“green-washing”-of-nativist-hate/, 8/11/10

In a new report, the AND is a siren’s call that serious environmentalists

<span style="font-size: 1.3em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**Semis v. Pitt KS**
same 1ac as above.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac Doha Add-On - China War**
US-China trade wars will spill up – reinvigorating Doha is critical to prevent hot conflict

Lehmann, IPE professor at Institute for Management development, and Appleton, partner at Appleton-Luff, 2011

(Jean-Pierre, founding Director of Evian Group, trade policy specialists at the IIMD, co-editor of “Peace and Prosperity through World Trade”; Arthur, founding member of Appleton-Luff International Legal group, they advise governments and multinational corporations on trade policy, 1/11/11 Washington Times, "Tension grows with China"<span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[] [accessed 1/14/11])

As the financial crisis of 2008AND .-China conflict would have diminished.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">** 2ac Chamber of Commerce Add-On - Health Care Repeal Bad **
Obama has just committed to improving relations with the Chamber of Commerce Allen, Politico, ‘10 (Mike, “President Obama Plans Truce With Chamber of Commerce,” 11-20-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-11-11) PM

Moving to repair a deep rift AND we can <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">to achieve these goals.”

Posturing isn’t enough – policy change is key to back it up   Weisman and Williamson, Wall Street Journal, ‘10 (Jonathan and Elizabeth, “Trade Moves Up White House Agenda,” 11-14-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-11-11) PM

YOKOHAMA, Japan—During his AND said <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: aqua; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">what comes next is crucial.

They want the plan Economic Times, ‘10 (“Let Market Decide on H-1B Numbers: US Chamber of Commerce,” 8-16-10, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-11-11) PM

WASHINGTON: Slamming the critics of AND, an eminent think-tank.

Obama backing up his rhetoric ensures business will back off on healthcare repeal – that means it won’t get repealed Pearlstein, Washington Post, ‘11 (Steven, staff writer, “Obama’s Olive Branch to Big Business,” 1-13-11, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: initial; background-origin: initial; background-position: 100% 50%; background-repeat: no-repeat no-repeat; color: blue; cursor: pointer; padding-right: 10px;">[], accessed 1-13-11) PM

In recent weeks, President <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">Obama AND -streeters that many had suspected.

<span style="font-size: 1.1em; margin: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 5px;">**2ac AT: Unconditional Hospitality Good K (Derrida)**
AND, the perm solves – the aff’s contradiction creates opportunities for change that solve the links Hagglund, Cornell University comparative literature phd candidate, 2004 [Martin, author, editor of Swedish translation of Derrida’s Spectre of Marx, Diacritics Volume 34 Number 1, Spring, “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas” Project Muse, p.42-3, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

By tracking the notion of a AND it in an indivisible presence. 3

4. The aff is an unconditional acceptance of the immigrant other – them going back to their native country does not mean that the aff wasn’t an unconditional welcome – they falsely tie conditional hospitality to temporary visas Deutscher, Northwestern University philosophy professor, 1 <span style="margin-bottom: 0px; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 0px; margin-top: 0px; padding-bottom: 0px; padding-left: 0px; padding-right: 0px; padding-top: 0px;">(Penelope, “a discussion with Jacques Derrida”, theory & event, volume 5, issue 1, 2001, project muse)

I never greet the absolute, AND or of the duty of hospitality'.

6. The alt is impossible and forecloses policy change Hagglund, Cornell University comparative literature phd candidate, 2004 [Martin, author, editor of Swedish translation of Derrida’s Spectre of Marx, Diacritics Volume 34 Number 1, Spring, “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas” Project Muse, p.66, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

For the same reason, what AND in advance how one should relate.

AND, err aff – they’re misreading Derrida’s ethical claims Hagglund, Cornell University comparative literature phd candidate, 2004 [Martin, author, editor of Swedish translation of Derrida’s Spectre of Marx, Diacritics Volume 34 Number 1, Spring, “The Necessity of Discrimination: Disjoining Derrida and Levinas” Project Muse, p.67, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

Hence, <span style="background-attachment: initial; background-clip: initial; background-color: yellow; background-image: initial; background-origin: initial;">neither justice nor unconditional AND in his deconstruction of traditional concepts.

8. They don’t actually want their demands to be met – they are impossible and show their privileged position – but even if they are, it incites racist backlash, turning the alt. Zizek, Senior Researcher at the Institute for Social Studies, 2002 [Slavoj, “Welcome to the desert of the real” gbooks, p.60, accessed 1-13-11, TP]

Happiness is thus inherently hypocritical: AND do what you’re boasting about !’